Evidenced Based Practice (EBP) in Medical Technology in private Essay

Evidenced Based Practice (EBP) in Medical Technology in private clinical laboratory setting - Essay Example The developments of science and technology have contributed to making many of these simpler that they no longer come under the federal oversight requirements. This puts the onus of ensuring that these tests ensure patient care and safety on the private clinical laboratories. (Howerton, D., Anderson, N., Bosse, D., Granade, S.,and Westbrook, G., 2006) The role of the private clinical laboratories is not restricted to simple tests, but as technology evolves so does their role in their contribution to more challenging laboratory testing like drug resistance testing in the management of HIV AIDS. (Wilson, W.J., 2003). To fulfill their role in patient care and patient safety private clinical laboratories need to be reliable associates of the physicians and yet there are areas in which the clinical laboratories are found to be deficient. These deficiencies include failure to provide useful information to help interpret a test result, standardization of reference ranges and units of measurement, laboratory policies that interfere with patient care, and performance of the wrong test. (Butterly, R.J., 2006). Errors do occur in laboratory tests and patient safety is impacted by the frequency and the seriousness with which these errors happen in private clinical laboratories. (Howanitz, P.J., 2005). In addition to errors another aspect that is found to be deficient in clinical laboratories that lead act as an impediment to the optimal delivery of healthcare to patients is the poor core laboratory performance that lead to delay in the laboratories providing the test results and as a result lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment. (Holland, L.L., Smith, L.L., and Blick, K.E., 2005). There are deficiencies in the manner in which private clinical laboratories perform their role in patient care and patient safety. However, the issues that need to be taken into consideration is whether they are

A business innovation which has brought to life a product (good or Essay

A business innovation which has brought to life a product (good or service) - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that 3D printing is one of the most celebrated business innovations that continue to influence the manufacturing and production industry. Chuck Hull of 3D Systems Corp created the original 3D printer in 1984. Also known as additive manufacturing, 3D printing is business and technological innovation that encompasses the process of making a three-dimensional solid product of any shape using a digital model. Indeed, 3D printing is a huge versatile and rapid process that accommodates the geometry of varying complexity in variant applications and supporting many types of materials. The 3D printers operate at resounding speeds, extremely low costs, and within a wide range of applications. The 3D printing innovation applies in the commercial sector where manufacturers use it to produce early concept models and product prototypes for business purposes. The 3D printing case is relevant in the context of digital economies since it allows for the prod uction of early concept models and product prototypes. Moreover, 3D printing applies in distributed manufacturing where it has applications in various fields including health, fashion, architecture, education, engineering, and aerospace among other fields. Additionally, products manufactured through 3D printing are applicable anywhere in the product lifecycle. To achieve 3D printing, innovators used an additive process, where successive layers of material adopt different shapes.

How Malaysia Has Benefit From The International Trade Economics Essay

How Malaysia Has Benefit From The International Trade Economics Essay 2.0 INTRODUCTION Recent years international trade has played a important role to most of the countries . It has connected every country together provided a considerable profits to them . To the international trade , it contains two main parts import and export . Exporting is the selling of products or services supplied from ones own country for use in other countries . By contrast , importing buying of products made in other countries for use in ones country . They are the basic element of the international trade . Among all the countries , Malaysia has benefit a lot from international trade in terms of life , work , house , health and so on . It has improved the economic development totally and made Malaysia much more beautiful . CHANGE IN CONSUMPTION PATTERN Consumption pattern is the combination of qualities , quantities , acts and tendencies characterizing a community or human groups use of resources for survival , comfort and enjoyment . To Malaysia , it just has a very single and closed corporation at the beginning before the international trade . They just sell themselves and grow food on their own . But some of the products are not as good as they think of because of the insufficient technology and the poor quality of materials supplies . Though with the same materials , they still can not produce better goods . However , the international has changed this . It absorbs the investment as well as the varieties of goods such as food including Japanese sushi , Korea cuisine and Chinese dumplings to Malaysia . People begin to try those food and this has changed their habits . Meanwhile some goods which Malaysia is not good at producing are introduced for people to use them . So Malaysia take advantages of their special goods which have good quality to export in order to achieve more profits by using the extra time . It means they just produce what they do well in and focus on producing some special and goo products . For example , Malaysia has a good resources of rubber , so they focus on exporting this . Unlike the rubber , they dont have enough resources to grow the rice. Thus Malaysia just depends on the importing from Thailand ,India and China mainly . This has changed the consumption pattern of Malaysia and made it much easier for people to consume . In all , the total consumption pattern has been changed to the specialization by the international trade , which is really helpful to Malaysia . In the future , the consumption will be much perfect to Malaysia . Olympia College JB International trade 13 IMPROVE PRODUCT QUALITY AND PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY Quality consists of the capacity to satisfy wants , quality is the degree to which a specific product satisfies the wants of a specific consumer. Efficiency is the high speed to produce the goods in limit time . As we know , international trade brings external competition to Malaysia which has affected the local market . Though the tax of importing is very high in result of the price of goods will be higher than the local ones , there are still many people purchasing the foreign goods due to the good quality . For example the shoes Adidas, Nike , Converse and Puma which has attracted many costumers in Malaysia .Though the price of them is very high , The quality has won the costumers . Therefore it reduces the number of local goods which should be sold . Meanwhile , the local market also face the internal competition . In order to sell more and stand in the market , they have to improve the quality of goods . The local market take advantages of the international trade to import technology , good materials and funds to improve the quality . Of course , this method improve the production efficiency as well due to the advanced technology . In the same time and same condition , they can produce more products . This has made them become more confident and increase the economic growth of Malaysia . For example ,the statistics from the United States to a view , Malaysia imported machine tools in about more than 400 million US dollars . Mainly from Japan , Germany , China Taiwan. In order to encourage importing , Malaysia has taken the current zero-tariff policy on imported machines . With these materials , Malaysia has acquired large profits and improved the quality and efficiency . Thus , international trade is really necessary to improve the product quality and production efficiency . Olympia College JB International trade 14 REDUCTION IN UNEMPLOYED RESOURCES Reduction in unemployed resources means the unemployment rate has reduced . There are not too many people who dont have jobs . In terms of employees in Malaysia , international trade has reduced a lot by two main methods . One is the investment and export , anther one is transfer the labors . Generally, investment is the application of money for earning more money. Investment also means savings or savings made through delayed consumption . Due to the international trade , a lot of firms have invested in Malaysia and build industry . It is not only a chance to increase the economic development , but also provides more jobs for employees . For example , a foreign company A want to invest and build a electric industry in Malaysia . Everything is prepared except the employees . As their own countrys employees [$1500] are very experience compared to Malaysia[$1000] , so they make use of the local workers so that they can save the principal and outcome . However , this indirectly help Malaysia to reduce the number of unemployed resources. In addition , As Malaysia need to export goods to obtain exchanges , this also has offered a stable market and reduce the number of employees . Transfer the labors means the labors can go abroad to work and the foreign labors can come Malaysia to work . Malaysia has a good surrounding , which is near to Singapore , Thailand and so on. So every year a lot of people go to Singapore and Thailand to work in order to obtain more money . This has decreased the number of employees in Malaysia . To the work like agricultural and mining jobs , as the local people dont like to work , then the foreign labors will solve this problem. The migrant labor came mainly from southern China and southern India . In all , international trade is really efficient to reduce the unemployed rate , which improve the economic growth as well . Olympia College JB International trade 15 WIDER CONSUMER CHOICE BRING HIGHER STANDARD OF LIVING International trade has brought different countries products and it provides people a wider choice to consume as well . Meanwhile the standard of living has also been improved . As you know , some people are attracted by the foreign products easily as they want to try the special things and the quality is also very good . Thus , the external competition between foreign goods and local goods make the local firms improve their quality and beauty . Meanwhile the foreign firms has to improve themselves as well , it result the quality of goods will be updated every second . In addition , many firms import variety of goods in order to attract the consumers . They make the market more abundant .People can enjoy themselves and have better choices . Due to the abundant market , the standard of living has been improved higher and higher . Therefore peoples life is better and better . A good example which can show you how Malaysia standard of living has been changed . According to Ministry of Finance statistics , as of August 2003 , Malaysia accounted for bank deposits of individual deposit 58% of the total annual of 6% . According to Ma energy telecommunications and multimedia Department of statistics , as if June 2004, fixed phone users 454.7 million , mobile users 1,239.8 million in urban and rural fixed-line telephone has a rate of 23% and 12% mobile phone ownership 53% and 2% . as of April 2006 , Malaysia has 420 million computer users , the number of internet users account for 40% .From this we know that the standard of living in Malaysia is increasing by the international trade fast . In all ,Malaysia has taken a big step in terms of the standard of living after the international trade . The life of Malaysia is better and better . Olympia College JB International trade 16 GREATER MOBILITY OF RESOURCES Mobility means can move . International trade has brought greater mobility of resources such as labors , goods and capital . This makes people exchange their technology and improve themselves. The movement of students and highly skilled workers across borders is a real and complex phenomenon that poses challenges for developing countries with no simple solution. Student mobility represents by the most important source of international trade in higher education . Recent years Malaysia has sent 25-30 thousand students to go abroad . Of course basically all the students are supported by the government .In year 2005, there were 42 712 Malaysian students  went abroad for study. 38 784  of them chose to study in OECD countries while the rest went to non-OECD countries. Back here shows the  breakdown of destinations where  Malaysian students chose to  go [data 1] . After they return , they will bring new technology and knowledge to make contributions to their mother land . This has helped Malaysia in the economy a lot and learn from other countries to improve themselves . Highly skilled workers are one of the supreme arrogance of a person with great power . They are the one most countries want to have . So every year some highly skilled worker will be introduced and someone who has highly skilled in Malaysia take advantages of the skill to achieve exchange. For example , the contractors in Malaysia hands this year was 3.7 billion worth of overseas contracts . This has made a big difference to Malaysia economy . This has taken a big step by the mobility of resources to Malaysia . Olympia College JB International Trade 19 Data 1 Malaysia students go to†¦ / Percentage (%)  [ Number (2005) ] Australia 36.41 ( 15552 ) United Kingdom 26.86 ( 11474 ) United States 15.02 ( 6415 ) Japan 4.48 ( 1915 ) New Zealand 2.79 ( 1190 ) Ireland 2.25 ( 960 ) Germany 1.33 ( 566 ) France 0.81 ( 345 ) Korea 0.50 ( 212 ) Netherlands 0.09 ( 40 ) Sweden 0.09 ( 40 ) Finland 0.03 ( 14 ) Denmark 0.03 ( 11 ) Switzerland 0.02 ( 10 ) Belgium 0.02 ( 9 ) Norway 0.02 ( 9 ) Spain 0.01 ( 6 ) Austria 0.01 ( 5 ) Czech Republic 0.01 ( 4 ) Hungary 0.01 ( 4 ) Turkey 0.00 ( 2 ) Poland 0.00 ( 1 ) Total OECD destinations : 90.80 ( 38784 ) Total Non-OECD destinations:   9.20 ( 3928 ) Source: OECD Education at a Glance 2007 Indicator C3: Who studies abroad and Olympia College JB International trade 17 CONCLUSION Overall , international trade has really benefit Malaysia so much that basically every part of Malaysia has been improved . It made Malaysia consumption pattern more special and fit for Malaysia themselves . To the quality and efficiency , they have been improved a big step and this has provided Malaysia a good method to obtain more profits . Meanwhile their standard of living is becoming higher and higher . In addition , Malaysia has obtained so many mobility of resources , especially the students and highly skilled workers , who have taken advantages of their knowledge and skill to make more countries to their countries . All of them above made Malaysia economy increasing fast and stably .with the international trade , the future of Malaysia will be much beautiful and developed . Olympia College JB Intro to Business 20

eating disorders Essay -- essays research papers fc

Eat to live – don’t live to eat (or not to). This is very hard for a person with an eating disorder to understand since food is their tool for handling the stress and anxiety in their lives. Eating disorders affect millions of Americans each year (Eating Disorders 1). The most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Compulsive Overeating. These disorders are serious, and, when taken to extremes, can be life threatening as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All eating disorders arise from a combination of long-standing psychological, interpersonal, and social conditions (Gurze 24). Several other factors such as family and personal problems, a low self-esteem, and the desire for the â€Å"ideal† body may also contribute to the development of an eating disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eating disorders have reached epidemic levels. Over seven million women and one million men, children and adolescents have an eating disorder. Eighty-six percent report onset of illness by age 20, and seventy-seven percent report duration of illness from one to fifteen years. Only fifty percent report being cured. The cost of treating an eating disorder is often extremely expensive with the potential to extend over $100,000 (Ratner 17). Once an eating disorder has begun, it becomes a long-term (sometimes lifetime-long) cycle of dieting, bingeing and purging, or excessive eating. A person with an eating disorder becomes trapped in this endless cycle and needs professional physiological and psychological help to break through the chains.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eating disorders, just as any other addiction, are a reaction to a low self- esteem and a negative means of coping with life and stress. Others may use alcohol, drugs, and even compulsive gambling as a way to cope with their problems. To someone with an eating disorder, their illness is a means of incorporating control into their lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anorexia Nervosa, a disorder of self- starvation, manifests itself in a complete refusal of food and can cause psychological, endocrine, and gynecological problems. An anorexic person will turn to obsessive dieting and starvation as a way to control not only their weight, but also their feelings and actions regarding the emotions attached (Definition of Anorexia Nervosa 1). Some physiological characteristics of Anorexia Nervo... ...abuse. Clinical depression can also lead to an eating disorder. But, no matter how much research is done, never will a person without an eating disorder understand why a person with an eating disorder thinks and acts the way they do. All in all, eating disorders are very complex emotional issues. Though they may seem to be nothing more than a dangerously obsessive weight concern on the surface, for those suffering with eating disorders there are deeper emotional conflicts to be resolved. Works Cited â€Å"Definition of Anorexia Nervosa.† Something Fishy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://something-fishy.org/anox.htm. 25 Apr. 2000: 1. â€Å"Definition of Bulimia Nervosa.† Something Fishy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.something-fishy.org/bul.htm. 25 Apr. 2000: 1. â€Å"Eating Disorders.† Mental Health Net.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.eatingdisorders.cmhc.com. 22 Apr. 2000: 1. â€Å"Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa.† Mental Health Net.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.cmhc.com/factsfam/anorexia.htm. 22 Apr. 2000: 1. Gurze 2000 Eating Disorders Resource Catalogue, The. 28 Apr. 2000: 24. Ratner, Kathryn M.S.W., L.S.W. â€Å"Eating Disorders.† 21 Apr. 2000: 6,7,17.

Culture War Essay

Politics play an important role in the overall situation of a country. The political set-up of a state especially in terms of the type of government, political parties, and even the political bickering that exist are vital in creating and implementing laws. This is clearly exemplified in a democratic type of government wherein various parties that have different advocacies, view points and stands on various issues are present. In line with this, the newly elected president of the United States of America, President Barack Obama is trying to pass a bipartisan â€Å"Stimulus Package† in the Congress. Bipartisanship usually takes place in a two-party system wherein two major parties dominate the election in all levels of the government. Bipartisanship also happens when these two major parties put aside their differences and collaborate with each other. In this paper, it will be argued that bipartisanship is dead. This argument is based on three pieces of evidence that give conclusive results that will make it clear that bipartisanship is no longer applicable in the United States. First, according to Patrick Joseph â€Å"Pat† Buchanan, a renowned American political commentator, author, columnist, politician, broadcaster, and senior advisor to three previous U. S. presidents, â€Å"There is a religious war going on in this country [United States], a cultural war as critical to the kind of nation we shall be as the Cold War itself, for this was is for the soul of America. † He delivered this statement during the 1992 Republican National Convention wherein he further explained that this cultural war is a displacement of classic economic conflicts that are caused by newly emergent moral and religious ones. Furthermore, the kind of war that he is referring to is said to be observable in the result of the recent elections wherein there is only a marginal difference of within 2 points. However, this kind of outcome does not give convincing result that there is indeed competitiveness among Americans and that they are for or against one major party. Closely divided votes do not mean deeply divided votes because this does not identify whether a certain group of people hate the other or they are just merely voting out of random. Moreover, it is difficult to identify if Americans only follow two political perspectives that are based on the two major parties that exist in the country. This is due to the fact that the media is not normal in the country. Media incentives are often used in order for those people involved in this field to sensationalize a particular issue. In this sense, not only is it difficult to identify the real stand of the American people when it comes to issues because the media could also influence the people’s way of thinking in order for them to take problems as either black and or in variations. Second, through the article entitled â€Å"From Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America,† the writer Morris P. Fiorina, debunks the observation that Americans are highly polarized especially in terms of cultural or social issues. He also challenges the idea that this polarization has heightened the concept of partisanship in the electorate and Washington by arguing that it is the political elites who are becoming more polarized. Morris stated that due to the fact that political elites, especially the candidates for office, are more polarized in terms of party and ideological lines and they also manipulate the choices available to their voters. As a result, it established a distinction of the electorate, as well as a deceitful appearance that there is indeed polarization in the mass public (Fiorina, 2005). Moreover, in the study conducted by Fiorina, he compared the voting behavior and the position of Americans when it comes to specific issues that define culture war including gun control laws, abortion, sexual orientation, sexual discrimination, and others. He used the blue and red states wherein the blue are the recognized Democrat states and the red are the Republican states. The result of the study shows that states are similar in many instances. This is proven by the data which identified that four out of ten voters in both red and blue states agreed that migration should decrease; as well as seven among the ten deemed that English should be the official language of the United States. Moreover, in terms of issues that are considered part of the culture war, differences are still observable. Nevertheless, results give proof that there is a similarity in the stand of Americans when it comes to these issues. The comparison of the blue and red states show that there is many similarities and some notable differences but very little variation for a culture between states to exist (Fiorina, 2005). Third, a recent survey deals with Obama Ratings by Party Identification that illustrates independent parties and other parties that do not fall as either as a Democrat or Republican parties. The Inauguration Week showed that 90% positive ratings came from the Democrats and also a substantial 67% came from the independent and other parties. On the other hand, only 42. 7% positive ratings came from the Republicans. Similar results is also seen during the post-inauguration week wherein 87. 3% from the Democrats and 61. 3% from independent and other parties have positive remarks for Obama while only 32. 7% from the Republicans feel the same way. In this sense, it can be clearly seen that independent and other parties also have an important role when it comes to supporting any political actions that Obama will make. Moreover, this also signifies that Americans are not simply polarized into two major parties. The discussions above of the three pieces of evidence clearly identifies that bipartisanship is dead in the United States. Bipartisanship is no longer applicable because most Americans have more similarities when it comes to important issues even those that are under the cultural or social realm. The stand point of Americans is no longer identified in just two opposite poles. Rather, the political elite and irresponsible media of the country are the ones responsible for shaping the United States’ society to be such. In reality, states that are often identified as either red or blue do not really have much distinction when it comes to the vital concerns of the country because they have more similar stands than differences. Being the case, bipartisanship is not applicable in a society that is not or no longer polarized. Reference Fiorina, M. P. (2005). Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Pros and Cons of Vivisecton

Scholastic Essay â€Å"Animals are people too? † This is a question that might be asked by an inquisitive person. Literally speaking, animals are not people. However, animals have feelings too and should be treated the way people are treated. In today's modern society, vivisection is a free practice. This is due to the fact that animals are not protected by humans and are free to be caught and used in mankind's experiments in a pursue of knowledge. One might ask : What is vivisection?Well, so to speak, vivisection is the practice of performing operations on live animals for the purpose of experimentation or scientific research. In my opinion, there are pros and cons to this practice. First and foremost, I would like to say that one of the pros of vivisection is for medical advancement. More specifically, vivisection is used for medical experimentation. The best way to test potentially new medicines is by using animals. If the test is successful, then the medicine will be teste d on humans. Read more about Pros and Cons Of ReligionThe reason vivisection is carried out is because the lifespan of an animal is shorter than the lifespan of a human. Therefore, the lifespan of an animal is considered to be less valuable than humans. Any breakthrough in medicine does not only benefit humans, but it might also benefit animals as well as plants. Medical Advancement: Additionally, new medicines can also help animals too, so this falls under the philosophy of the needs of the many (animals) outweigh the needs of the few (animals).Meaning the few animals that are sacrificed or tested upon is worth less than the many animals that are potentially saved or helped, thus helping the greater good is more morale. Of course, this opinion is subjective to each person. Product Safety: Another popular reason for animal testing is for determining the safety of products, such as cosmetics testing. In theory, animals used for safety testing are typically not killed and remain healthy, however th ey are often maltreated.Again, it is commonly considered that the safety of people outweighs the safety of animals, thus animal testing for safety is common. Scientific Knowledge: Animal testing and experimentation is an excellent source to increase scientific knowledge. No one knows what knowledge that will be attained through animal testing, so the value of such animal testing cannot be ascertained ahead of time or even guessed. The most common examples of animal experimentation for scientific knowledge are animal biopsies and vivisections in schools to teach children biology and medical procedures.While this type of animal testing might not yield immediate useful results, it has been helpful in the long term of helping science. Accuracy: Finally, the biggest reason for animal testing is because it works better than any other alternative. Why animal testing can yield results different than human testing, the similarities between animals and humans is staggering and thus helpful to mankind. Reasons Against Animal Testing Torture and Suffering: Animals undergoing testing can be subjected to torture and suffering.Alternatively in some cases, some animals may be even cured of their ailments and diseases during the process of animal testing. Death: Animals can, and sometimes often, die in the process of animal testing. Ethics/Morality: The ethics and morality of testing on animals is often debated. A large number of people do not believe animal testing is ethical, however they often concede that it is necessary. Choice: Since animals cannot volunteer for animal testing, then some people believe animal testing is not ethical.These people believe that it is only ethical to test on subjects who willingly give their consent for self testing. Accuracy: As mentioned before, animals are different than people, thus their testing results are not always useful or practical for human comparisons. Therefore, if the usefulness of animal testing is in question, then animal tes ting should be reconsidered. Price: Finally, the price of keeping and disposing of animals can be quite high. That is why testing, on computer simulations, has increased recently. However, the accuracy of computer simulations is less than animal testing.

Free Essays on Analysis Of “An Irish Airman Foresees His Death“

The idea of war brings to mind a noble cause, or a love of country. This is not so in the poem â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Death.† William Butler Yeats uses the speaker of this poem to convey the theme: even in the face of death, joy can be found. The pilot does not hate those that he fights against. Ireland did not have many direct enemies, except for those that kept them from living free. But, being under British rule and fighting for them, especially for a cause that made no sense to the pilot, did not evoke many feelings of love either. When the speaker states of his country that â€Å"No likely end will bring them loss Or leave them happier than before,† he knows that Kiltartan Cross and therefore he, will not be affected by the outcome of the war. Kiltartan’s people have nothing left to lose and therefore cannot be brought loss. This shows that the pilot knows that he is fighting for a cause in which he has no stake in. The speaker is charac terized with bravery, courage, and humility in saying that â€Å"Nor law, nor duty bade me fight, Nor public men, nor cheering crowds.† The pilot is not interested in the honor he will gain and obviously has no sense of patriotic duty to a country that is not his own. The pilot is choosing to fight for a cause he does not understand simply because he wants to fly. Unlike many of his countrymen, the pilot wanted to fly and fight for Britain, which is shown through his â€Å"lonely impulse of delight.† The pilot has accepted that he will fight for a cause in which he has no belief only to die â€Å"somewhere among the clouds.† He has reached an attitude of indifference which enables him to engage in his love of flying and fight for a lost or misunderstood cause. The pilots disregard for everything else in life except flying illustrates that he may be a young man, in the prime of his life, with no family to look after or other responsibilities. Understanding that death is immine... Free Essays on Analysis Of â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Deathâ€Å" Free Essays on Analysis Of â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Deathâ€Å" The idea of war brings to mind a noble cause, or a love of country. This is not so in the poem â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Death.† William Butler Yeats uses the speaker of this poem to convey the theme: even in the face of death, joy can be found. The pilot does not hate those that he fights against. Ireland did not have many direct enemies, except for those that kept them from living free. But, being under British rule and fighting for them, especially for a cause that made no sense to the pilot, did not evoke many feelings of love either. When the speaker states of his country that â€Å"No likely end will bring them loss Or leave them happier than before,† he knows that Kiltartan Cross and therefore he, will not be affected by the outcome of the war. Kiltartan’s people have nothing left to lose and therefore cannot be brought loss. This shows that the pilot knows that he is fighting for a cause in which he has no stake in. The speaker is charac terized with bravery, courage, and humility in saying that â€Å"Nor law, nor duty bade me fight, Nor public men, nor cheering crowds.† The pilot is not interested in the honor he will gain and obviously has no sense of patriotic duty to a country that is not his own. The pilot is choosing to fight for a cause he does not understand simply because he wants to fly. Unlike many of his countrymen, the pilot wanted to fly and fight for Britain, which is shown through his â€Å"lonely impulse of delight.† The pilot has accepted that he will fight for a cause in which he has no belief only to die â€Å"somewhere among the clouds.† He has reached an attitude of indifference which enables him to engage in his love of flying and fight for a lost or misunderstood cause. The pilots disregard for everything else in life except flying illustrates that he may be a young man, in the prime of his life, with no family to look after or other responsibilities. Understanding that death is immine...

Education systems in the world are diverse and interesting

Education systems in the world are diverse and interesting Check out the most interesting education systems in the world A lot of researches are held all the time and this one concerns education systems of different countries. Various principals were taking into account while making this ranking, so let`s check the results! 11. Japan Japan is the leading country concerning literacy, science and math. In this country students attend elementary school for 6 years, three years of junior high school and three years of high school. During this time they have to decide whether they wish to go to university or no. Going to high school is not obligatory for everyone, still 98% of students attend it. 10. Barbados The Barbados government invests education sphere a lot, most of the schools are funded and run by the state. The level of literacy is one of the highest in the world and it reaches 98%. Primary is from 4 to 11, secondary is from 11 to 18. 9. New Zealand Children at the age of 5 to 19 get primary and secondary education in New Zealand and school is compulsory between 6 and 16. You can find 3 types of secondary schools in New Zealand. They are state schools where study approximately 85% of children, state-integrated – private schools which were integrated into the state but still keep their charter and educate 12%, totally private schools which teach 3% of students. 8. Estonia Estonia is the country which really cares about its education system, it spends around 4% of GPD on education. Education Act stated in 1992 contains the main goals of education. Its education strive to build a personality in each child, they create favorable conditions for the family traditions, nation. Students are aimed to get not only knowledge on sciences but on the general aspects of life which will help each student to be a conscious citizen. 7. Ireland Most secondary schools are funded by state but they are privately owned, there are also state comprehensives and vocational schools. Recent researches state that Ireland`s spending on education has fallen because of the crisis. So there`s a possibility it will suffer in the future. 6. Qatar In 2012 the BBC reported that Qatar, the country rich in oil, was becoming one of the most successful players in the field of education development, they use innovations and changes that are efficient to all students. This country does its best implementing the ideas of the Vision program of 2030 to make own country self-sufficient. All citizens have a right to visit state-funded schools for free, foreign students are to attend private schools. 5. Netherlands Dutch students are considered to be the happiest concerning the research of 2013. They get not much homework to do, they get little pressure and stress. Schools in the Netherlands are divided into faith schools and "neutral" and there also a small number of private schools. 4. Singapore This country gets high scores in the PISA (a Programme for International Student Assessment) testing, which compares knowledge of students from different countries. Unfortunately, the education system is not developed well, as students from the young age are under pressure. 3. Belgium There exist 4 different genres of secondary schools in Belgium, they are general, technical, vocational and art secondary schools. Education is well-funded in Belgium and it holds the priority positions here. A great range of private and state schools is available for children of 4-18 years old. Education is for free or at law cost. 2. Switzerland Lessons in Switzerland are held in different languages depending on the region, German, French and Italian are the most popular. From secondary school students are separated depending on their abilities. Only 5% of students attend private schools. 1. Finland Finland is famous all over the world with its education system. Students here study in the same classes not depending on their abilities and knowledge. This helps to make the gap between the weakest and the strongest to be the smallest in the world. Children here get little homework and they pass only one test at the age of 16.

Banks and Credit System of Exchange Essay Example for Free

Banks and Credit System of Exchange Essay Definition of Banks—Banks are financial institutions that help people to save and borrow money.In a growing economy, the banks help to create a new pool of money to be ised for other economic activities.They complement the money or cash system of exchange with the system of credit. History of Banking in the Philippines During the pre-colonial period, Filipinos also saved and borrowed money, but usually this was done by families, relatives of tribal leaders.The oldest written relic of our precolonial past is the famous Laguna Copperplate inscriptin (LCI), which contains a record of a debt payment in 900A. D.It proves that we have a longt tradition of honoring our debts in our culture. Modern banking, as we know it, really began with the coming of the Europeans. The first credit organizations were the Obras Pias(pious work), created by the Spanish colonial government starting in the 16th century. It is interesting to know that the early Catholics in the Philippines were taught how to tithe(give 10 percent of income to the church).Thus, thye early church in the Philippines was able to collect a fund od money, and its growth and good works increased tremendously. The first general bank in Southeast Asia was the Banco Espaà ±ol-Filipino (now known as Bank of the Philippine Islands), which opened in 1851.It was given authority to issue bank notes.Soon, other banks were opened.The Catholic Church anf their trustees owned and operated most banks during the Spanish colonial period. During the American period, more banks began operations. In 1906, the government established postal savings banks all over the country to bring banking closer to the people.This Promoted the habit of thrift and savings among low-income groups. Now Americans, Chinese and Filipinos also entered the picture. In 1916 the philippine National Bank was organized. Other banks which followed were the China Banking Corporation and the Philippine Bank of Commerce.Before World War II there were 17 banks in the country. The PNB and Postal banks were owned by the Catholic Church and religious organizations, and two by Filipinos and others. The Japanese m,ilitary occupation in 1941-45 briefly restructed Philippine banking. Only Japanese and their Filipino sympathizers were allowed to operate banks. In 1946, after independence, the otigins of our modern banking system were established. Prewar banks were re-opened and resumed operations. The Central Banking Act was passed in 1948. Today, there are thousands of banks all over the country, and some Filipino banks have opened branches abroad. Tyhe Volume of banking services has also increased, as more and more services are being offered. Among these services are car loans, time deposits, automatic tellers, dreive-in windows, night depository, safe deposit boxes, payroll handling, automatic debits, and many more. KINDS OF BANKS There are different kinds of banks as follows: 1. Rural banks-These are located mostly in the countryside. The government encourages the establishment of these small banks in order to bring asavings and banking closer to people in the provinces. For example, a group may set up a rural bank with P20 million capital outside of metro Manila or cities; but p50 million is needed for a bank in the city. The main reason for rural banks is to help farmers with agricultural loans. In 1994, the Pagsanjan Rural Bank founded by Victor Zaide cabreza and Soledad Benitez Cabreza, won the award fo â€Å"Outstanding Rural Bank in he Philippines† 2. Savings and loan association—These small banks gather savings and invest them in long term securities, such as housing loans. A good example is the Monte de Piedad Bank. 3.Special government banks—The Philippine government established several bnks to handle specific duties involving its financial projects.For example, after the war, the Rehabilitation and Finance Corporation (RFC) was created to receive postwar reconstuction funds ang give financial aid to the war-damaged economy. The RFG eventually beame the Development bank of the Philippines (DBP). The Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP) helps the government implement the land reform program. The Philippine Amanah Bank was organized in 1970s to cater for the growing economic needs of Muslim Filpinos. The government may also operate postal banks within selected post iffides around the country. Many small savers and children like to use postal banks because it is closer and more familiar to them. 4.Commercial banks—These make up the biggest banking group, and comprises nearly 50% of the total banking resources in the country. The main function of this type is to supply the circulating capital for the economy in the form of short-term loans.Example are the Philippine National Bank, Metrobank, BPI, FarEast Bank and Trust Company and others. 6.Universal Bank- Also known as a ful-service bank, a universal bank provides more servies than a commercial bank. Banks which have reached a capitalixation of P50 million or more can apply for a universal banking liscence. A universal bank can make more investments and lending.It can act as an investment house, a savings bank etc. It can invest directlyin private companies. Several banks are iniversal banks, starting with the Philipine National Bank, republic Planters Bank, United Cocunot Planters Bank, Allied Bank, PCIB, BPI, Far East Bank and Trust Company, and Metrobank. 6. international banks—As the name says international banks have operations in more than one country. Some Filipino bamks have branches in other countries, e.e. PNB, FEBTC, etc. Similarly, some foreign banks have branches in the Philippines, e.g. Hongkong ang Shanghai Chartered Bank, Citibank, Australia New Zealand, etc. Apart from the private banks, thee are government-owned banks, such as the International Bank for Reconstrucyion and Development (IBRD or World Bank) ased in Washington, D.C.; the Asian Development Bank (ABD) based in Metro Manila; the Bank of International Settkements (BIS) based in Basle, Switzerland. The Uses or Function of Banks— The services of banks are: 1.To accept aand guard deposits of money.People go to a bank because they trust that their money will not be stolen inside.ThePhilippine Deposit Insurace Corporation (PDIC) encures each depositor’s money up to a limit. In case the bank closes doen or is robbed, the depositor will still get their money bacl up to a fixed limit. In turn, the bank keeps a written list of the deposit in a savings book, a monthly statement or a certificate . For the right to use the money, the banks pay interest. 2. to lend money. Banks led money to qualified clients. in this way, the bank earns interest and profits. loans are ofdifferent kinds: are short-term. Loans may also be typedaccording to purpose( car loan, housing loan, business loan etc.) This may be a property title, which the bank can get in case the loan is not paid. Next, bigl loans must have a co- signer or one who will guarantee to pay the loan if the borrower defaults 9faiks to pay). 3.To remit and collect money. Banks als transfer or collect money for clients. for example, overseas contract workers can send their remittances to family through a bank to be picked up in Manila by the relative. A businesman can pay for a supply ordered from abroad through a local bank which send the payment to the foreign supplier. Usually, a bank has a correspondent bank abroad in case it does not have branches ther. Banks accept checks, bank dreafts or telegraphic transfers from other banks, according to certain conditions. 4..To perform legal roles like supervising a business, managing a private Banks and Credit System of Exchange. (2016, Dec 31).

Financial resources and decisions management Essay

Financial resources and decisions management - Essay Example equity and debt, comes with their advantages and disadvantages. Several factors, such as statutory rules and requirements, terms and conditions imposed by the counter party and general economic conditions are analyzed before selecting one of the options. The downside of acquiring financing through issuance of equity is that the procedure is quite complicated as compared to acquiring funds by approaching any bank. In most cases, a loan is acquired from any bank or financial institution by filing an application for the sanctioning of the loan. The bank or any other financial institution, after evaluating the necessary details such as credit history, financial outlook for assessing the ability of the entity to repay the loans in future, and the purpose of the project for which the loan application was filed, sanctions the loan. Whereas in the case of raising finances through issuance of equity shares, the company has to fulfill several requirements such as issuing a predefined number of shares, issuing shares to the existing shareholder in proportion to their existing shares and appointing a financial advisor for conducting a due diligence of the entity’s operations. ... In contrast, in equity financing, the company has to wait for a considerable longer period of time for the funds to become available for their utilization. 1.2 The two modes of finance available to the company would be raising funds through issuance of equity or acquiring loan in the form of a mixture of a long term and short term debt. Let us assume that the total requirement of funding for Quality windows Ltd is for ? 100,000. As provided in the scenario, 40% of the funding requirement can be met through internally generated funds, whereas for the remaining 60% the company has to decide about the mode of funding. Thus the amount of fund required to issue is ? 60,000. Option 1: Raising the fund through the issuance of shares The company decides to issue 6,000 shares at ? 12 (par value is ? 10 and premium is ? 2). As per the current market knowledge, the issuance cost per share is ? 1. Other administrative cost pertaining to the issuance of share is ? 5,000 in total which relates to publishing prospectus and appointing an under-writing agent. Thus the total cash inflows to the company for the first financial year would be as under: Particulars Amount in ? Shares issued 72,000 Issuance cost (6,000) Other costs (5,000) Total inflow 61,000 Option 1: Acquiring loan from a financial institution The company decides to acquire loan from a financial institution amounting to ? 70,000. The principal repayment will start two years from the end of the current financial year. In return, the financial institution will charge interest rate at the rate of 12%. Thus, following is the net cash inflow at the end of the financial year: Particulars Amount in ? Loan acquired 70,000 Interest cost (8,400) Total inflow 61,600 Thus it is apparent from the above analysis, that acquiring

The Gods Anger Against the Nineveh Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Gods Anger Against the Nineveh - Thesis Example Nahum prophecy reveals more about God than any other book in the bible. He showed the divine attributes and each shows God in a different way. The attributes the prophet is revealing is about God anger on Nineveh. Many writings in the Bible portray God as the gentleman who is kind with twinkling eyes who loves his people and he cannot think of punishing or judging anybody (Harrelson, 1962). Since God anger was not known, it was Nahum who was to reveal it in his prophecies, in his prophecy, the God of Sinai flashes forth in awful fury, in front of God, every human being must tremble and be silent. The God anger was directed towards the city of Nineveh, before, God sends Jonah to that city to preach repentance since God was angry with them. First, Jonah didn’t want to go there because he wanted the city destroyed because of their cruelty towards Israel and Judah, he could have been very satisfied if Nineveh was destroyed. But through God miracles, he was swallowed by a fish and later abandoned in Nineveh, because of that miraculous happening he accepted to preach to the people of Nineveh. When he starts preaching, people in the city repented in sackcloth’s and ashes from the King to the citizen at the lowest level and God withdraw anger and they were forgiven. 100 years later, they went back to the sin. Godsend Nahum to preach to the kingdom of Judah, at the same time Assyrian kingdom invaded Israel led by King Sennacherib, because of this destruction, God moved forward towards protecting his people from destruction by destroying Nineveh kingdom. Nahum chapter 1:2-8 explains God anger towards Nineveh. Nahum described god as a jealous, wrathful, and avenging God. He takes vengeance against its enemies (Donald & John, 2006).

Critically Evaluate the regulatory failures in the 2007-8 financial Essay

Critically Evaluate the regulatory failures in the 2007-8 financial crisis and discuss how these failures can be corrected in t - Essay Example In the absence of limitations on investments, US banks went on an investment spree. But for government intervention, the crisis would have been still persisting though it has not died down. Regulatory failure does not mean regulator caused the loss. The U.S. regulators have woken up to the crisis and offered practicable solutions to avert future crisis due to regulatory failure. The U.K. as major international financial centre has also been affected by the U.S. contagion and has been responsible enough to offer solutions to the regulatory failure by bringing in three more regulators. Introduction The origin of the 2007-08 financial crisis goes to the U.S. where housing mortgage loans were paid to unqualified (sub-prime) borrowers. The loans had been backed by exotic financial products with few tiers highly rated by credit rating agencies. These products were purchased by institutional and banking investors who did so for high yields at low risk. The crisis started when the de-facto b orrowers started defaulting all over the U.S. leading to unexpected losses on the front end or back end? products. Chain of bankruptcies, balance sheet write-offs followed. The sub-prime crisis is only a part of the broader picture of debt expansion. In the U.S. for which detailed data is available, total debt as a proportion of GDP increased from 150 % of the GDP in the early 1970s to 330 % in 2005. Household debt also expanded in similar fashion marked by dot.com crash to over 100 % of the GDP by 2008. Financial services which held 10 % of the total increased their share to 30 % between 1975 and 2005. The structural shift towards financial services resulted in huge increase in its profitability from 10 % in early 1980s to 40 % by 2006 (Lewis, 2010, p. 2 & 8). World is not new to financial crises. The U.K. was not immune to the present one since world’s leading institutional and banking investors are spread across the world. It has witnessed a few major crises before for dif ferent reasons. The present crisis is due to regulatory failure. This paper examines the causes of regulatory failure and solutions to avert such failures in the future. Regulatory failure Regulatory failure does not mean that financial crisis was caused by regulators or regulations. Rather it was due to short-sightedness of financial institutions and recklessness of the borrowers although there were regulatory strategies that could have averted or mitigated the factors that caused the crisis. For example, five causes are attributed to the crisis of the U.S : 1) Failure of underwriting standards for subprime mortgages and loans to inadequately qualified buyers; 2) parties to the mortgage securitisation process not maintaining market discipline; 3) poor assessment of sub-prime mortgages by credit rating agencies; 4) poor risk management by large financial services institutions; 5) non-response from financial institutions for better risk management as pointed by the U.S. Presidentâ₠¬â„¢s Working Group on Financial Markets. Each of these causes had its own regulatory attribution. Thus, there was no regulatory mechanism for business conduct and consumer protection to control sale of mortgages to homebuyers with poor credit background. Regulators could have by tougher supervisory oversight assisted large financial services institutions for better risk management. There was no control on holding companies of investment banks, private equity funds, hedge funds that

EUROPEAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT second one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

EUROPEAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT second one - Essay Example It brought about a vast expansion of the market. Moreover, this act established uniform rules throughout the EU in respect of trading practices. Some of the areas affected by this act were first, qualifications obtained in one Member State were accorded recognition in all the other Member States; taxation methodology and control over governmental assistance to domestic industries (ley Berry). In July 2006, the British Pound performed dismally in respect of the euro. This was in conformity with the general expectation that the difference in interest rates between the EU and the UK would adversely affect the UK currency. The European Central Bank or the ECB and the Bank of England or the BoE did not allow the interest rates to change and in a survey by Halifax, it was clearly revealed that house prices had reduced by 1.2 percent in June 2006 (Sterling slips on UK/euro zone rate expectations, 2006). Further, in May 2006, there was a spurt in manufacturing and in the first quarter of 2006, the mortgage equity withdrawal increased to approximately twelve billion pounds sterling. In this context, the president of the European Central Bank, Jean-Claude Trichet stated that the interest rates would not be altered (Sterling slips on UK/euro zone rate expectations, 2006). However, he hinted that the ECB was likely to increase the interest rates. In the month of July 2006, the forward exchange rate for one euro was 69.51 pence, however in comparison to the US Dollar there had been a 0.3 % increase in the value of the Great Britain Pound (Sterling slips on UK/euro zone rate expectations, 2006). The UK was not willing to make the euro their currency. On the 9th of January, 2005 the UK Prime Minister, Tony Blair, stated that on account of economic considerations, the UK was not in a position to change its currency to the euro. In the BBC programme Breakfast with Frost, Blair stated that it was essential to consider what was

Explain how you will conduct an effective reference check Essay

Explain how you will conduct an effective reference check - Essay Example shall try to first build my own opinion about the employee by reviewing his/her profiles, activities, memberships, and social circles on social media and social networking websites and then get the opinion of the referee on these subjects. I shall subsequently compare my own opinion to that of the referee to find out if his/her opinion supports or contradicts mine. I may or may not need to reach out to more referees depending upon the outcome of the comparison. I shall also carry out research at my own level about the referee from whom I am getting opinion about the employee. Using my resources and social media, I shall try to assess whether the referee actually serves in the position and location as suggested by the employee or not. I shall not only share with the referee my name, position, place, and organization, but also the roles and responsibilities attached to the position I am considering the candidate for while seeking referee’s opinion about the

Critically Evaluate the regulatory failures in the 2007-8 financial Essay

Critically Evaluate the regulatory failures in the 2007-8 financial crisis and discuss how these failures can be corrected in t - Essay Example In the absence of limitations on investments, US banks went on an investment spree. But for government intervention, the crisis would have been still persisting though it has not died down. Regulatory failure does not mean regulator caused the loss. The U.S. regulators have woken up to the crisis and offered practicable solutions to avert future crisis due to regulatory failure. The U.K. as major international financial centre has also been affected by the U.S. contagion and has been responsible enough to offer solutions to the regulatory failure by bringing in three more regulators. Introduction The origin of the 2007-08 financial crisis goes to the U.S. where housing mortgage loans were paid to unqualified (sub-prime) borrowers. The loans had been backed by exotic financial products with few tiers highly rated by credit rating agencies. These products were purchased by institutional and banking investors who did so for high yields at low risk. The crisis started when the de-facto b orrowers started defaulting all over the U.S. leading to unexpected losses on the front end or back end? products. Chain of bankruptcies, balance sheet write-offs followed. The sub-prime crisis is only a part of the broader picture of debt expansion. In the U.S. for which detailed data is available, total debt as a proportion of GDP increased from 150 % of the GDP in the early 1970s to 330 % in 2005. Household debt also expanded in similar fashion marked by dot.com crash to over 100 % of the GDP by 2008. Financial services which held 10 % of the total increased their share to 30 % between 1975 and 2005. The structural shift towards financial services resulted in huge increase in its profitability from 10 % in early 1980s to 40 % by 2006 (Lewis, 2010, p. 2 & 8). World is not new to financial crises. The U.K. was not immune to the present one since world’s leading institutional and banking investors are spread across the world. It has witnessed a few major crises before for dif ferent reasons. The present crisis is due to regulatory failure. This paper examines the causes of regulatory failure and solutions to avert such failures in the future. Regulatory failure Regulatory failure does not mean that financial crisis was caused by regulators or regulations. Rather it was due to short-sightedness of financial institutions and recklessness of the borrowers although there were regulatory strategies that could have averted or mitigated the factors that caused the crisis. For example, five causes are attributed to the crisis of the U.S : 1) Failure of underwriting standards for subprime mortgages and loans to inadequately qualified buyers; 2) parties to the mortgage securitisation process not maintaining market discipline; 3) poor assessment of sub-prime mortgages by credit rating agencies; 4) poor risk management by large financial services institutions; 5) non-response from financial institutions for better risk management as pointed by the U.S. Presidentâ₠¬â„¢s Working Group on Financial Markets. Each of these causes had its own regulatory attribution. Thus, there was no regulatory mechanism for business conduct and consumer protection to control sale of mortgages to homebuyers with poor credit background. Regulators could have by tougher supervisory oversight assisted large financial services institutions for better risk management. There was no control on holding companies of investment banks, private equity funds, hedge funds that

Explain how you will conduct an effective reference check Essay

Explain how you will conduct an effective reference check - Essay Example shall try to first build my own opinion about the employee by reviewing his/her profiles, activities, memberships, and social circles on social media and social networking websites and then get the opinion of the referee on these subjects. I shall subsequently compare my own opinion to that of the referee to find out if his/her opinion supports or contradicts mine. I may or may not need to reach out to more referees depending upon the outcome of the comparison. I shall also carry out research at my own level about the referee from whom I am getting opinion about the employee. Using my resources and social media, I shall try to assess whether the referee actually serves in the position and location as suggested by the employee or not. I shall not only share with the referee my name, position, place, and organization, but also the roles and responsibilities attached to the position I am considering the candidate for while seeking referee’s opinion about the

Biography of a Race Essay Example for Free

Biography of a Race Essay It may be hard for biographers to win prize for his work. Therefore, for this to happen, it would take an exceptional skill paired with devoted attitude towards the craft. Such award as Pulitzer Prize requires these and David Levering Lewis apparently has these as proven in his biography about the civil rights leader William Edward Burghart Du Bois. The book is called ‘Biography of a Race’ which shows a remarkable manner of tackling of the life of Du Bois. It shows with clarity the picture of the environment in which the struggles set for the purpose of an endeavor. The complexity of this civil right leader’s involvement in socio political movements was carefully drawn with a structure that is outlined according to significant key points. The life of Du Bois revolves around his contribution with the condition of the present American society. He tried to escape the stereotypical position of blacks as subject class. Du Bois strived to gain social reform and have equity among the people regardless of race and color. He pushed the belief that blacks should also have access on all essential community benefits such as education. His life story is indeed challenging for any biographer to write. The whole context of the book is particularly exquisite although there are some parts of the first five of eleven chapters that may seem a little bit confusing. The length of the passages may require some reader to go over it again to get the key points but otherwise, they are precise. It is given that the life of Du Bois is complex and that can be the reason for this. The choice of the right approach is the true mark of Lewis’s skill in telling story and history. His book is a comprehensive study of a life story and succeeded in its purpose to reflect the life that made a huge contribution in the history. Thus, an award is nothing but deserved. Reference Lewis, D. L. (1993). W. E. B. Du Bois, 1868-1919: Biography of a Race. ON: Henry Holt and Company, LLC

Effect of Music on Heart Rate | Experiment

Effect of Music on Heart Rate | Experiment Daniella Urteaga Background Information: The heart is a vital organ made of cardiac muscle that pumps blood throughout the body. Heart rate is associated with the contraction of the different chambers of the heart, and is considered myogenic. As a result, the heart beat is controlled independently of the central nervous system and is instead controlled by the pacemaker, also known as the Sino arterial node. The node sends signals through nerves in the heart to other nodes such as the AV or atrio-ventricular node and these result in the contraction of the chambers (Copeland, 1991). Heart rate is the number of heart beats per unit of time, typically expressed in beats per minute or bpm. The average heart rate at rest under normal conditions of adolescents and adults is 63.3 bpm  ± 13.1 bpm, with variability of 3.2 bpm  ± 2.1 (Leschka, 2006). Other factors also have an influence on the heart beat and heart rate such as the medulla of the brain of the hormone adrenaline. External stimuli or external factors also result in alterations of the heart rate. These include physical and emotional factors. One type of external stimuli that is shown to have effects on the heart rate is sound, specifically music. Music is currently being considered to be used as therapy for coronary conditions as well as on anxiety (Smolen et al, 2002). In addition, music is widely prevalent in the lives of adolescents. Teenagers in this day are age are exposed to music on a regular basis and a majority of adolescents living in the United States own mp3 or I-Pods (Epperson, 2011). Also, there are music therapies available for autistic patients that show improvement in their communication skills and behavior over time because of the certain music played in the therapy session. Sound has been shown to have effects on the heart rate. The average volume at which adolescents listen to music is 80 decibels which is approximately 80% volume on a music player using standard headphones (Epperson, 2011). Increasing volume has been shown to increase the heart rate, and decreasing volume has been shown to lower the heart rate (Okamoto, 2011). In addition, studies have been conducted that investigate different genres of music and their effects on heart rate as well as other heart application such as blood pressure. Personal Engagement Statement: The reason for doing this experiment is to see to what extent are we affected by music on a physical level. The reason I decided to focus on musics physical effect is because of how it is mostly known to have a more mental and emotional effect on our mood. I want to investigate how an everyday thing like music can cause physical change in our bodies by the different type of genres that come with it. This topic idea was also influenced by the fact I have been involved in musical groups, orchestra and mariachi, since I was 12 years old. The contrast between these two distinct musical groups, one soothing and the other festive, lead me to inquire upon musics effect in general. I want to not only know the difference between classical and mariachi music, but also take into account all the other music with varied tempos. Exploration: The topic I will be conducting an experiment on will be the study of musics effect on our heart rate. My research question my whole experiment will be based on is: What effect does the different genres of music have on an adolescents rested heart rate? The dependent variable of this experiment is going to be the heart rate because it will change or not due to the music, and I am going to measure the heart rate by beats per minute. My experiments independent variable will be the genre of music since it will not depend on the other variable for change. The controlled variables of this experiment will be the musics volume, headphones used, starting heart rate, the device used to play music, and the age and gender of the test subjects. Hypothesis: If the music is loud and has a fast tempo, then I believe your heart rate will increase because the tempo causes people to breathe faster. However, music with a slower and softer tempo, like classical music, causes the opposite effects on your heart rate. The research that helps back my hypothesis up is how Sakamoto found, for the Journal of Sound and Vibration, that there was an increase in systolic and diastolic pressure, which are the first and second reading in blood pressure, during exposure to steady noise and music with high intensity peaks. Since heart rate and blood pressure work interchangeably, like when exercising, it is a strong indicator heart rate will be affect by the musics genre based on the research. According to a study performed in Japan, hearing classical music results in a small variance of Mayer Wave which results in the lowering of the heart rate (Mamoru, 1998). This is because the sympathetic nerve is suppressed by the sound of classical music. In addition, rapid changes in volume and fast paced tempos cause the heart rate to increase (Epperson, 2011). These elements are what techno songs are composed of, and therefore an increased heart rate can be predicted upon listening to them. Independent Variable: The independent variable is the genre of music the subject is exposed to while their heart rate is being measured. The levels of the independent variable will include five different genres of music. These will include classical music, pop music, jazz music, techno music, and country music. These genres vary in style and tempo or speed. Dependent Variable: Heart rate which will be measured by beats per minute Controlled Variable: Volume of music, headphones used, starting heart rate, device used, age, gender, the quietness of room environment, and the position of subject while exposed to music. Materials: Headphones, iPhone for the music, stopwatch, paper, calculator, and pencil. Procedure: Data Collection will be a sample size of at least 30 trials ranging from the age of 14-18. For each age year, in total 5, there will be at least six trails for each subject that is of ever age, turning out to be 30 trials in total. My subjects will have a variety of males and females. Make sure to pick a quite outside or room environment where there is minimal distractions or conversations. Allow the subject to sit in the chair in an upright position, ensuring that his/her back is against the backing of the chair and his/her feet are firmly planted in the ground. Place headphones in the subjects two ears, but do not play any music yet. This is to ensure that the act of wearing headphones is not an additional factor. Conduct the first trial for the experimental control. Allow the subject to sit in the chair for three minutes without the addition of music to rest their heart rate as much as possible. Write down resting heart rate of subject by finding their radial pulse. (To find the radial pulse I will put my index and third finger on the subjects wrist nearest their body. I will use the pads of my fingers. Place them just below the wrist creases on the thumb side. Press lightly until I feel the blood pulsing under their skin). Once three minutes have passed, measure subjects heart by using beats per minute. In order to do this begin the stop watch after the first pulse is felt. Count the number of pulses felt until the stop watch reads 60 seconds Allow the subject one minute of silence before continuing with the rest of the trials. Conduct the trials involving the different levels of the independent variable. Set the volume on the iPhone to medium volume. After one minute of silence since the first pulse reading has elapsed, begin playing the pop music. (Ensure that the iPhone is set on repeat in case the song is too short. If this step is forgotten, the song may switch and the trial will not be valid for use) Allow the subject to listen to the song for three minutes on a constant volume. During the three minute time interval, note any changes in heart rate when finding their radial pulse. As the subject listens to the music, note changes in facial expression, skin temperature, skin color (paleness or redness), and involuntary movement as qualitative data. Allow the subject one minute of silence before continuing with the rest of the trials. Repeats steps 6a- 6g for all genres of music (jazz, classical, techno, and country). Repeat steps 1-5 until I get a sample size of 30 trials. Calculate the average for each subject and the respective genres of music in order to make a representation of the data. Measure the percent change in the pulse comparing the experimental control and all genres of music bpm in order to calculate the effect of the intensity of physical effect on the heart rate. Ensure collection is significant, relevant data by pooling the data. This will make sure that there is analysis even if this sample size may be too small to evaluate the effect or relationship of the study. Safety, ethical or environmental issues: To make sure this experiment is conducted in the safest and ethical manner, I will make sure the songs chosen are censored from any explicit language during the trials. Also, I will make sure the volume of the music is not very loud for the subjects to prevent any hearing injuries to take place. I will also make sure the headphones used while this experiments are always clean for each subject to prevent any possible ear infections. Data Collection: Qualitative: During this experimental procedure, I noticed various qualitative observations. Each genre of music seemed to have a different effect on the subjects. Some effects were subtle, while others were more noticeable. No changes in the skin color or body temperature were noted in this experimental procedure. However, slight movements were present. During the classical music, subjects made subtle swaying movements and briefly closed their eyes like showing they were relaxed into it. During the pop and rap music, the head swaying became more upbeat and the subjects smiled or lightly chuckled while their eyes were open. The rock genre and techno genres had similar movements and expression as the pop music. Quantitative: Table 1: Displays heart rates (bpm) of ten subjectsduring resting heart rate, classical, pop, country, jazz, and techno hearings for six trials. Subjects Trials Resting (bpm ±1.0) Classical (bpm ±1.0) Pop (bpm ±1.0) Country (bpm ±1.0) Jazz (bpm ±1.0) Techno (bpm ±1.0) Subject 1 (14 years old) 1 61 60 74 63 68 75 2 63 61 72 61 69 73 3 63 60 75 60 69 74 Subject 2 (14 years old) 4 64 57 73 60 67 74 5 62 57 75 59 69 76 6 63 58 74 59 70 75 Subject 3 (15 years old) 1 62 62 70 62 72 73 2 62 61 71 62 73 75 3 63 61 70 60 71 76 Subject 4 (15 years old) 4 63 63 69 58 74 72 5 63 62 67 60 74 71 6 62 63 68 57 73 71 Subject 5 (16 years old) 1 63 61 76 59 72 74 2 65 62 74 59 71 77 3 65 60 76 61 72 76 Subject 6 (16 years old) 4 65 59 75 62 74 75 5 66 61 73 60 73 76 6 64 59 74 63 75 78 Subject 7 (17 years old) 1 62 60 75 57 70 78 2 61 62 73 56 72 75 3 63 64 77 58 69 76 Subject 8 (17 years old) 4 64 64 72 60 75 73 5 64 63 68 63 73 72 6 66 64 71 59 77 72 Subject 9 (18 years old) 1 60 58 76 58 73 73 2 59 61 74 56 70 73 3 59 59 75 59 74 71 Subject 10 (18 years old) 4 63 59 69 62 72 72 5 67 60 72 58 71 70 6 65 57 71 60 71 73 I conducted the mean of the different bpm values for resting and the five genres of music (classical, pop, country, techno, and jazz) for each of the five subjects. This statistic allowed me to observe the average heart rate of each subject under the influence of the different music genres. Through this analysis, I was able to collocate the data and compare the differences in the bpm for each music genre. It gave me the ability to determine if a certain genre caused a larger average bpm for the subject and how it changed based on the intensity of the genre. I conducted the range of bpm of all six trials for each type of exercise. This statistic allowed me to identify the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value for bpm during each music listening. It gave me the ability to determine the distribution of my data for each different genre of music. Due to its small number, this value showed me that my average bpm for each exercise was overall pretty consistent, and did not fluctuate greatly during the three trials for each age section. I conducted the standard deviation of heart rate bpm from all six trials for each genre of music conducted. This statistic allowed me to obtain a more detailed and accurate estimate of the dispersion in the data values because one outlier can greatly exaggerate the data in the range, therefore making it inaccurate. The standard deviation showed me the relation of the bpm for all three trials to its mean value. Since it was a small value, it showed me that the bpm levels stayed mainly constant throughout the trials with a small dispersion of data. I conducted a percent change in order to determine the change in my bpm values between each genre of music and resting. By doing so, I analyzed by how much of a difference (bpm) value there was for each genre of music compared to resting. This was done to see if there was a significant increase or decrease in the bpm values between the genres of music and resting. Table 2: Displays average heart rate of ten subjects (bpm) and average data dispersion for eachgenre of music   Ã‚   Subject Genre of Music Average (bpm) Range (bpm) Standard Deviation Subject 1 (14 years old) Resting 62.3 2.0 1.2 Classical 60.3 1.0 0.6 Pop 73.6 3.0 1.2 Country 61.3 3.0 1.2 Jazz 68.6 1.0 0.6 Techno 74 2.0 1 Subject 2 (14 years old) Resting 63 2.0 1 Classical 57.3 1.0 0.6 Pop 74 2.0 1 Country 59.3 1.0 0.6 Jazz 68.6 3.0 1.5 Techno 75 2.0 1 Subject 3 (15 years old) Resting 62.3 1.0 0.6 Classical 61.3 1.0 0.6 Pop 70.3 1.0 0.6 Country 61.3 2.0 1.2 Jazz 72 2.0 1 Techno 74 3.0 1.5 Subject 4 (15 years old) Resting 62.6 1.0 0.6 Classical 62.6 1.0 0.6 Pop 68 2.0 1 Country 58.3 3.0 1.5 Jazz 73.6 1.0 0.6 Techno 71.3 3.0 0.6 Subject 5 (16 years old) Resting 64.3 2.0 1.2 Classical 61 2.0 1 Pop 75.3 2.0 1.2 Country 59.6 2.0 1.2 Jazz 71.6 1.0 0.6 Techno 75.6 3.0 1.5 Subject 6 (16 years old) Resting 65 2.0 1 Classical 59.6 2.0 1.2 Pop 75.3 2.0 1 Country 61.6 3.0 1.5 Jazz 74 2.0 1 Techno 76.3 3.0 1.5 Subject 7 (17 years old) Resting 62 2.0 1 Classical 62 4.0 2 Pop 75 4.9 2 Country 57 2.0 1 Jazz 70.3 3.0 1.5 Techno 76.3 3.0 1.5 Subject 8 (17 years old) Resting 64.6 2.0 1.2 Classical 63.6 1.0 0.6 Pop 70.3 4.0 2.1 Country 60.6 4.0 2.1 Jazz 75 4.0 2 Techno 72.3 1.0 0.6 Subject 9 (18 years old) Resting 59.3 1.0 0.6 Classical 59.3 3.0 1.5 Pop 75 2.0 1 Country 57.6 3.0 1.5 Jazz 72.3 4.0 2.1 Techno 72.3 2.0 1.2 Subject 10 (18 years old) Resting 65 4.0 2 Classical 58.6 3.0 1.5 Pop 70.6 3.0 1.5 Country 60 4.0 2 Jazz 71.3 1.0 0.6 Techno 71.6 3.0 1.5 Table 3: Displays total average bpm of all ten subjectscombined, average data dispersion for each genre, and comparison of average bpm of genres and resting using percent difference Subject Music Genre Total Average (bpm) Total Range (bpm) Standard Deviation Percentage Difference from Resting Combined (10) Resting 63 8.0 1.8 0.0 Classical 60.6 7.0 2.0 -3.8 Pop 72.7 10.0 2.7 15.4 Country 59.7 7.0 1.6 -5.2 Jazz 71.7 10.0 2.1 13.8 Techno 73.9 8.0 1.9 17.3 Conclusion: The results supported my initial hypothesis; however, they were not statistically significant. Initially I hypothesized that classical music would result in a lowering of the heart rate while techno music would have the most influence on raising the heart rate. According to my results, the percent difference between resting and classical music is -3.8% and the percent difference between resting and techno music is 17.3%, supporting my hypothesis. Country music also lowered the average heart rate by a lower -5.2%, while pop and jazz music heighted the heart rate by 15.4% and 13.8% respectively. The more upbeat songs such as the pop, jazz, and techno appeared to have increased the heart rates of the subjects as predicted, and the slower more relaxed songs such as the classical and country music lowered the heart rates. This experiment can be expanded to possibly aid in the development of new therapeutic methods based for cardiac conditions based on music. It can also be used to help aid in the stressful lives of teenagers, often resulting in higher-than-normal heart rates (Smolen et al, 2002). The results of my study, although not statistically significant support the findings of other scientists researching the field. Increases in systolic and diastolic pressures during exposure to steady noise and music with high intensity peaks are present (Epperson, 2011). This would account for genres of music such as techno that have a consistent beat and high peaks of volume. The opposite can be observed for classical music that constantly changes in rhythm and lack

Effects of Parental Relationships on Children as Evidenced by Shakespea

Effects of Parental Relationships on Children as Evidenced by Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Families are the essential building blocks of the relationships we form in the later years of our lives. If we are given unconditional love by those we hold most dear, we learn to trust in others and their love for us. However, if we do not receive the appropriate attention, we may grow to believe that we are incapable of either being loved or loving others. These kinds of proceedings in a household may lead a child to a lifetime of troubling consequences. Just as important as the relationship they hold with us is the relationship between the mother and father that we grow up observing. Parents should maintain a healthy relationship in order to prevent their children from forming a skewed image of love and trust. After Hamlet’s experience with his mother’s incestuous remarriage to Claudius, he no longer sees love as a pleasant sentiment. Gertrude exclaims the exact basis of her son’s apparent madness when, in response to Claudius’s proclamation that Polonius knows the origin, she exclaims â€Å"I doubt it is no other but the main, / His father’s death and o†erhasty marriage.† (II. ii. 59-60). This swift and incestuous marriage suggests to Hamlet â€Å"the impermanence of human affection as well as of life, and it also, less obviously, compels him to think of the violation of the union which gave him his own life and being.† (Scott 110). He learns from this occurance that love is nothing but a fleeting emotion, with no meaning to it. This attitude towards love spills over into his treatment of Ophelia. Hamlet’s exclamation of â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman!† (I. ii. 152) applies in his mind, not only to Gertrude, but now al so to Ophelia. ... ... in others after forming a firm sense of one’s own identity, saying, â€Å"It is only when identity formation is well on its way that true intimacy â€Å" which is really a counterpointing as well as a fusing of identities â€Å" is possible.† (Staal 27). Although not all cases of divorce may end in this fashion, more than likely, most will. It is a difficult experience for children to adjust to and compensate for in their behavior. The same is true of Hamlet in respect to Gertrude’s rapid remarriage to the murderer of her recently departed husband. Her actions have an effect on her son’s way of thinking and ultimately, acting throughout the play. Love and trust are the two most difficult emotions for children in these situations to rebuild after a complicated experience. Therefore, to protect their children, parents should always maintain a healthy, cordial relationship.   

Upcoming Initiatives within the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit A

Legal Advice: Upcoming Initiatives within the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) 1. Describe the company and the major initiative(s) they have planned for the next five years: In 1967, within the Washington DC metropolitan area, Congress authorized a government agency, created through an interstate compact, known as WMATA, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. Since its start in 1976, WMATA has grown into five rail lines with over 106 miles of tracks, 1,500 buses, and 86 different stations, which provides services to a population of 3.4 million within a 1,500 square mile jurisdiction. (WMATA, 2012) Commonly known by many of the District of Columbia area residents as Metro, we rely on WMATA to provide alternative modes of transportation throughout much of the District, suburban Maryland, and northern Virginia areas, which include Metrorail, Metrobus, and MetroAccess services. In a 2008 WMATA News Release, Metro planners predicted there would be a 42 percent increase in consumer use within the next 25 years. (WMATA, 2008) In order for supply to meet demand, Metro officials have constructed an extensive six year Capital Improvement Pl an (CIP) that began in 2010 and will expire in mid-2016. Several constituents the CIP will cover includes: implementing past National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) safety recommendations, purchasing new system software and track maintenance equipment, new and/or rehabilitated rail cars and lines, and replacing several bus facilities. (Kissal, 2011) 2. Determine which elements of administrative law will be most relevant to the upcoming initiatives and what the impact of those laws will be. In the wake of the 2009 tragic accident and... ...have to worry so much about product reliability. References: Access Board, The United States. (n.d.). The United States Access Board. Retrieved February 25, 2012, from Access-Board.Gov: http://www.access-board.gov/about/laws/ada.htm Bagley, C. E. (2009). Managers and the Legal Environment. Mason: Cengage Learning. Kissal, C. D. (2011). Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2011. Washington DC: WMATA. WMATA. (2008, April 18). Metro details improvements to meet future capacity needs. Retrieved February 24, 2012, from WMATA: 2. http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/news/PressReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=2064 WMATA. (2010). August 13 2010 Response to FTA. Washington DC: Dougherty, James. WMATA. (2012). Metro - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. Retrieved February 24, 2012, from WMATA: http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/

Personal Responsibility and College Success

College Success: How Personal Responsibility Plays a Role College Success: How Personal Responsibility Plays a Role Little Johnny walks into a classroom and sits down with the rest of the class. As the bell rings the teacher asks all students to turn in their homework. The teacher notices that Johnny does not turn in anything and asks him â€Å"Where’s your homework? † His response, â€Å"The dog ate it! † In today’s society it is much easier to blame others for your actions instead of taking full responsibility for your own.Handling certain situations in your life, whether it be school, work, or social events requires some type of personal responsibility. Personal responsibility is showing accountability for the obligations that a person has control over. This means that you have to be accountable for your actions in the situations that you are involved in whether they are in your control or not. Being responsible will help to reach your goals in life whe n it comes to your school, career and family. In order in to succeed in college you have to be a responsible student. Love being a student.When people get married they take on the role of being a spouse. With this role comes responsibility. Nurturing the relationship, children to raise, bills to pay, cleaning, and cooking are just some of the responsibilities that married couples have. However, they love the role of the spouse (otherwise they would not have gotten married) and with loving the role they easily take on the responsibilities. As a student, you have to use the same approach. When we love being a student, responsibilities will not seem like dreadful tasks, but will be something we love to do.Not only much you love your new role you have to own it. Steven goes to Carmax and buys a new car. Being the owner of a new car, he has responsibilities of taking care of it. Regular oil changes, inspections, new tires, and rotation are just of the tasks that come along with regular m aintenance. Same as being a student, owing your role will help you succeed in college. Regular reading, attending class, studying for examations is just the regular maintenance that you have to do to be successful. Once you love and own your role of being a student, living the student life comes into play.Mothers have the life of taking care of the children, cleaning, cooking, and running errands. Fathers have the life of going to work and providing for his family. Teachers have the life of teaching their students information, grading papers, and helping students who have fallen behind. Everyone has a life and many have different lives. Being a student you have to live the student life. Doing homework, not staying out late, plan your assignments and projects ahead are all a part of the student life. By incorporating personal responsibility into my education will also help me succeed and eventually help me graduate.Developing an action plan and incorporating it in your life will also help you succeed in college. Time management and planning will be the biggest responsibility. If you have a busy life already and have added school into your life, it would be beneficial to map and plan out your day ahead of time. Your time may be tight but being responsible and sticking to your to-do list will help you get everything done and be prepared for the next day. Also not procrastinating will also help you become a responsible student.Everyone has his or her days where they do not want to do anything and just be lazy. However, this will not help you succeed in where you want to be. Continuing to remind yourself to complete your tasks will help you in getting things done. Finally, another action plan is money management. School is expensive and being responsible for money now and in the future will help. Only borrowing what you need and making planning financially while in school will benefit you in college. Personal responsibility plays a major role in everyone’s l ife.Whether it is school, personal, or work, being responsible will help you accomplish so much out of life. Love, owing, and living the life of a student are tools to help you get a handle on being responsible in school. Planning ahead and time and money management will also help you in college and help you succeed. Plan on being responsible for all you actions in the situations that you have placed yourself in and whatever life may throw in your way. Going back to school was probably a big decision for you and so plan on making the most out of it.

Mgmt 404 Project

MGMT 404 Project Campus Bookstore self-checking Register December 12, 2011 Professor Chuang Table of Contents Scope statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3-4 Work breakdown structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Network diagram†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Risk management plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7-8 Resource management plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Communication management plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9-10 Scope Statement Project Overview Statement Executive Summary ________________________________________ Project Name: Self-checking registers Department: Bookstore Last Updated: November 11, 2011 Project Manager(s): Carol Johnson, Nancy Drew, David Winner Project Department Owner: Student Body Community ____________________________________________________________ ____________ Project Overview Installation of a self-checking registers in Campus bookstore. Project should not exceed $23,000. Deliverables 1. Gather Requirements a. Discuss current system with Bookstore Representatives b. Understand the requirements c. Understand the budget available d. Research any permits that are required 2. Self-checkout system development a. Outsource the development to external agency b. Install the self-checkout system at the exit of the Bookstore c. Discuss with IT department the process of inputting barcode information d. Contract contractor about installation requirements 3. Communication with Stakeholders a. Inform students about the new process b. Inform Bookstore staff/security about the new process c. Inform staff/security about their responsibilities 4. Implement the process a. Set a launch date Milestones 1. Systems approved—November 25, 2011 2. Permits approved—November 21, 2011 3. Electrical outlets installed—December 9, 2011 . Construction completed—December 22, 2011 5. IT installs software and training completed—January 13, 2011 6. Completion date—January 20, 2011 Technical Requirements 1. Confirm staging area for self-checkout counter 2. Obtain permits 3. Approval of building codes Limits and Exclusions 1. Contractors reserves the right to contract outside service s 2. Contractors responsible for any subcontracted work 3. Site hours set for Monday through Friday, 8:00 a. m. to 6:00 p. m. ____________________________________________________________ __________________ Prepared by: Carol Johnson—Project Manager Nancy Drew David Winner Work Breakdown Structure Task Name| School Register| 1 Requirements Gathering | 1. 1 Discuss the current system with Book Store Representatives| 1. 2 Understand the requirements with stakeholders| 1. 3 Understand the budget available for developing the new system| 2 Process Design| 2. 1 Design high level process map| 2. 2 Request feedback from stakeholders| 2. 3 Design detailed level process map | 2. 4 Identify the roles of different stakeholders in the Process| 3 Self-checkout system development| 3. 1Outsource the development to an external agency| 3. Install the self-checkout system at the exit of the Bookstore| 3. 3 Collect the details of all stakeholders using Bookstore from the Admin Office| 3. 4 Design and Development of access cards| 3. 5 Collect the access cards from external agency| 3. 6 Distribute access cards to all the stakeholders| 4 Communication to stakeholders| 4. 1 Communicate to Students| 4. 1. 1 Inform students about the new process| 4. 1. 2 Inform students about their roles & expectations| 4. 1. 3 Request students to verify their access cards| 4. 2 Communicate to Faculty/Teachers| 4. 2. Inform faculty about the new process| 4. 2. 2 Inform faculty/teachers about their roles| 4. 2. 3 Request Faculty/Teachers to verify their access cards| 4. 3 Communicate to Book Store Staff / Security| 4. 3. 1 Inform the staff/security about the new process| 4. 3. 2 Inform the staff/security about their roles and responsibilities| 4. 3. 3 Request Staff/Security to verify their access cards| Implement the Process| 5. 1 Develop a common message about the date of launch| 5. 2 Encourage participation and adherence from the stakeholders| Network Diagram Risk Management Plan Risk Event| Response| Contingency Plan| Trigger | Person Responsible| Completion before new semester| Accept| Work around| Time frame off| Carol | Material out of spec| Mitigate| Contact Manufactory | Programming not working| IT department & Nancy| Employee training| Share| Work around| Management advisory| Management & Carol| IT programing equipment (barcodes)| Share| Work around| Not resolved in 24 hours| IT department & Nancy| Equipment interface| Mitigate| Work around| Not resolved in 36 hours| IT department & Nancy| Wrong equipment | Mitigate| Order new equipment| Not fitting in define space| IT department & Nancy| Available space in bookstore| Transfer| Re-arrange bookstore| Contractor information| Store management & Carol | Hardware malfunction| Mitigate| Order | Equipment falls| IT department & Nancy| Contractor schedule conflicts| Transfer| Work around| Late showing up| David| Available work hours (school closing)| Transfer| Work around| Bad weather/holidays| David| Risk Man agement Analysis | |   |   |   |   |   |   | |   | RISK EVALUATION|   | Risk| Probability| Cost| Schedule| Scope | Quality| Risk Score|   |   |   |   |   |   |   | Completion before new semester| 30%| 4| 2| 2| 2| 3. 0| Material out of spec| 20%| 1| 2| 5| 1| 1. 8| Employee training| 20%| 3| 2| 2| 1| 1. 6| IT programing equipment (barcodes)| 15%| 2| 3| 3| 2| 1. 5| Equipment interface| 20%| 1| 2| 2| 1| 1. 2| Wrong equipment | 10%| 2| 3| 1| 4| 1. 0| Available space in bookstore| 20%| 1| 1| 2| 1| 1. 0| Hardware malfunction| 10%| 2| 2| 2| 1| 0. 7| Contractor schedule conflicts| 5%| 1| 4| 1| 1| 0. 4| Available work hours (school closing)| 5%| 1| 3| 1| 1| 0. 3| Defined Conditions for Risk Management Analysis| Project Objective| Relative or Numerical Scales| Very Low – 1| Low – 2| Moderate – 3| High – 4| Very High – 5| Cost| Insignificant cost increase| < 10% cost increase| 10-25% cost increase| 25-50% cost increase| > 50% cost increase| Time| Insignificant time increase | < 5% time increase| 5-10% time increase| 1 0-25% time increase| > 25% time increase| Scope| Scope decrease barely noticeable| Minor areas of scope affected| Major areas affected| Reduction unacceptable to sponsor| Project end item is effectively useless| Quality| Quality degradation barely noticeable| Only very demanding application are affected | Quality reduction requires sponsor approval| Quality reduction unacceptable to sponsor | Project end item is effectively useless| Resource Management Plan Resource Name| Type| Material Label| Initials| Group| Max. Units| Std. Rate| Ovt. Rate| Cost/Use| Accrue At| Base Calendar| Register Price| Work|   | RP|   | 100%| $0. 00/hr| $0. 00/hr| $0. 0 | Prorated| Standard| Outsource Fees| Work|   | OF|   | 100%| $0. 00/hr| $0. 00/hr| $0. 00 | Prorated| Standard| Contractors| Work|   | C|   | 100%| $25. 00/hr| $25. 00/hr| $0. 00 | Prorated| Standard| Installers| Work|   | I|   | 100%| $75. 00/hr| $125. 00/hr| $0. 00 | Prorated| Standard| Training| Work|   | T|   | 100%| $25. 00/hr| $25. 00/hr| $0. 00 | Prorated| Standard| Project Manager| Work|   | PM|   | 200%| $25. 00/hr| $25. 00/hr| $0. 00 | Prorated| Standard| IT department| Work|   | I|   | 100%| $75. 00/hr| $125. 00/hr| $0. 00 | Prorated| Standard| Communication Management Plan Campus Bookstore—Self Checking Registers Prepared by: Carol Johnson Date: December 11, 2011 Authorized by: Carol Johnson ___________________________________________________________ __________________ A. General Information Installation of one (1) self-checking register. Which is to be installed at the exit of the Campus Bookstore. B. Stakeholder List All Stakeholders are located in the same geographical locations Stakeholder Name/Title| Project Role| IT Support Group | Customers that will design the system. They will design and program system once it is install. Weekly updates will be sent. | IT Support Group Manager—Aaron Smith| Will oversee the design and approval. Will provide support the deve lopment teams. | Campus Dean—Samuel Adams| Overall approval for costs. Weekly updates will be received from Project manager| Project Team | Responsible for providing reviews of requirements, technology direction, and reviews. The group will receive weekly status reports, access to all documentation for the project, and access to of issues tracking database. | Project Team Leader—Carol Johnson| Will manage the entire project from Scope to acceptance and final launch. Carol will be responsible for allocation of all resources and approval of time schedules for the entire project. In charge of overseeing the installation, construction, equipment purchases. Weekly updates will be sent. | C. Communication Document Description| Audience | Expected Action| Comm. Class| Input Method| Output Method| Frequency| Responsible resource| Project Status Report| All Project team members| Individual Status Submitted every Monday| Mandatory| Status Update Form| E-mail each Tuesday| Weekly| Carol | Issue Report | All Project team members| Individual Status Submitted every Monday| Mandatory| Status Update Form| E-mail each Tuesday| Weekly| Aaron | Outsource report| Campus Dean, IT Support Group Manager| Individual Status Submitted every Monday| Mandatory| Status Update Form | Email each Tuesday| Weekly| Carol | D. Method for Updating the Communication Plan The communications plan will be updated as needed and reviewed during Status Meetings which will be held weekly. Any changes to the communication will be approved by the Group Team manager. Any changes to the plan will be sent out to the stakeholders in a timely manner. E. Existing Systems There will be a weekly organizational release meeting that is held by the Project Team group. The IT Support group will attend the meeting to review changes and major events to the project. The meeting will also address items and other systems that have an impact on us. F. Escalation Process The initial review of the issue or risk will occur during the project status meeting as gathered by the IT Support Group report. The project status will be used to escalate any issues or risks not resolved during the weekly meetings. When the issue or risk is identified, we will conduct a review and provide a contingency plan at Status meeting. If the issue or risk is still not resolved, it will be assigned to an executive committee for action.