buy custom Covenants essay

purchase custom Covenants paper Presentation A contract is an understanding or arrangement between two gatherings and it ties them to a pledge to one another; this may either be restrictive or unrestricted. There are 7 distinct agreements clarified in the book of scriptures; the Adamic, Noahic, Abrahamic, Davidic, Mosaic, Palestinian, and the New Covenant. These various contracts that are made in the Bible among God and his hirelings stay petulant to certain researchers (Soulen, 1981). This paper presents an abstract analysis with respect to every one of these pledges. Noahic Covenant This was a contract among God and Noah found in the book of Genesis 6: 18; it additionally stretches out to Genesis 9:11. The agreement included Noah and the floods where God needed to annihilate humankind for their wicked ways (Showers, 1973). The rainbow was the indication of this agreement which would imply that God would not demolish man utilizing water once more; this would be seen by every single progressive age. The arrangements in the contract were one-sided in that Noah had no jobs in the pledge and God would do his guarantees. It was everlasting, general and genuine. Harless, (2004) scrutinizes this pledge in that it doesn't have a feeling of affirmation and that the main affirmed agreement in these readings is the Adamic contract. In deed he additionally expresses that since different agreements were from the speculative contract of creation then this likewise stays theoretical. Harless, (2004) considers it to be only a deal between the members since no commitment is put o n Noah. Abrahamic Covenant The members were God, Abraham, his relatives and the Israelites. This is found in the book of Genesis 15: 18; 17: 4-8 and 19-21. The indication of the contract was the circumcision of the individuals which would go about as Gods responsibility to his kin. There are three guarantees in this agreement where one was the individual contract with Abraham, national guarantees, and widespread guarantees. The guarantee of the place where there is Canaan to the Israelites and that Abraham would be a dad of an extraordinary country (Showers, 1990). This guarantee was unrestricted and Abraham can be supposed to be a dad of a country; then again the place where there is Canaan and the whole Nile locale despite everything stay hostile in that there is despite everything war as of now (Harless, 2004). Davidic Covenant This coveant was made among God and David and is in the book of 2 Samuel 7: 8-19; this is viewed as an expansion of the Abrahamic pledge since David was a relative of Abraham. He guaranteed David an incredible name and assurance from his adversaries; moreover, his name, realm and genealogy would keep going forever and could never be discarded (Kline, 2000). This remaining parts in conflict since the realm of David isn't flawless till now yet this realm is accepted to be driven by Jesus Christ the deliverer to the Christians. All things being equal, there are the individuals who don't accept and follow this religion (Ryrie, 2007). The New Covenant This pledge is at first uncovered in the book of Jeremiah 31: 31-34; it is accepted to be the augmentation of the Abrahamic contract which depended on gift. The members were God and the individuals of Israel who were the physical relatives of Abraham. The guarantees given were recovery, pardoning, the Holy Spirit, information and insight. This was unequivocal as the individuals of Israel required not to effectively get the guarantees (Blaising, Bock, 2010). The sign is accepted to be the blood of Jesus which he did emblematically during the last dinner with his followers. It demonstrates this cup is the New Covenant in my blood Luke 22:20. It is likewise endless as Christians keep taking communion and have confidence in the pardoning of wrongdoing, the Holy Spirit, another heart and recovery. Adamic agreement incorporates the condemnations which were articulated to mankind after Adam and Eve did against the desire of God. After Eve was beguiled by the fallen angel that comes to Adam in type of a Snake, when Adam and Eve trespassed against God they were advised to get out the Garden of Eden. The lady was reviled that she will consistently bear kids with torment while men will consistently work to get their nourishments however when they were in the nursery they were being given food and beverages. Already God had Edenic contract which they should be responsible for the nursery, all the creatures and natural products which were in the nursery separated from one tree which was as the focal point of the nursery which they were advised never to eat it. When they broke this pledge then God entered in to another contract with them which is Ademic agreement (Elon, R. (2005). I do censure this agreement since it was against the underlying will of the motivation behind why Adam and eve product set in the nursery. It appears as though God was enticing them as what was the explanation of being given authority of the various creatures and organic products in tthe garden and not exclusively to eat that one. It exposed them to enticement and its outcomes were extremely cruel. Palestinian Covenant was made between the Israelites and God directly before Moses kicked the bucket once they entered the Promised Land. At the point when the Israelites where in the wild was a direct result of the transgressions of the age which was from Egypt God Cursed them that none of them will enter to the guaranteed land and for a long time they were in the wild. God made this contract at Moab when they were going to enter the Promised Land which was to serve the new age. God revealed to them that on the off chance that they will comply with the Mosaic Law God will favor the country bounteously however in the event that they ignore the law the country will be reviled. He further guaranteed them that he will assemble the various Israelites who have scattered everywhere throughout the world and spot them at the pledge land (Larondelle, 2005). I would condemn this agreement since its much like the Mosaic Law which was given to Moses in the interest of the Israelites which they d idn't obey at quick and they must be in the wild for a long time. God would have quite recently restored the past pledge and foreworn them on what their relatives looked because of unlawfulness. Mosaic pledge is a contingent agreement which realized Gods reviling on the off chance that they don't comply with the law or even endowments on the off chance that they observe the laws upon the country of Israel. The agreement is diverse different pledges because of its restrictive nature that it is reliant on how the Israelites will live in the event that they obey Gods contract they will be honored or they will rebuffed in the event that they defy them (Hillers, 1969). The fundamental motivation behind why the contract is huge this is a result of how God guarantee was bound to make Israel a blessed country and a realm of clerics. In spite of the fact that the religious community has the Gods future aim to the Israelites such would not have been accomplished if at all they don't do as per the law. There are noted shortcomings on the religious circles which are credited by the philosophy frameworks. This is being set in three different ways first it requires the pledges to be contrasted and various sacred texts which bolsters them or not. Counting the prediction which God did according to the tentative arrangements of the network being told, the subsequent analysis is comparable to the Mosaic contract and the better religious circle which was finished by Jesus in Hebrews 8:22 and 7:22 (The Holy Bible, 1999). The third issue is on how the New Testaments Church likens the Israelites. Purchase custom Covenants article

Billy Sunday Essays - Christian Fundamentalism,

Billy Sunday Billy Sunday For just about 25 year Billy Sunday was an easily recognized name in the United States. Between 1902 when he initially made the pages of the New York Times and 1935 when the paper secured his passing and dedication administration in detail, individuals who knew anything about recent developments had known about the previous significant class baseball player who was lecturing sin and salvation to huge groups all over America. Not every person who knew about the renowned evangelist loved him. A lot of candid pundits talked about his showy style and censured his moderate conventions. Be that as it may, he had several thousands, maybe millions, of faithful safeguards, and they were similarly as boisterous in their commendation as the pundits were in their analysis. Regardless of whether individuals represented or against the Reverend William A. Sunday, they all concurred that it was hard to be aloof toward him. The strict pioneer was so phenomenally well known, stubborn, and vocal that detachment was the exact opposite thing that he would get from individuals. His most faithful admirers were sure that this provincial variety evangelist was Gods mouthpiece, calling Americans to contrition. Sundays pundits said that, best case scenario he was a good natured joker whose lessons vulgarized and trivialized the Christian message and at the very least he was a disrespect to the name of Christ (Dorsett 2). There are components of truth in both of these perspectives. He was frequently liable of distorting scriptural certainties, and on occasion he talked more out of numbness than an eminent perspective. He was additionally a man with various blemishes. He ruined his kids, giving them everything that they requested. He put huge duty on his significant other, troubling her with numerous parts of his service. He in every case recognizably looked for the Oswalt/2 commendation of the group for his own recognition. He frequently confounded the desire of God with his own social and political plan. He even some of the time contrasted the good news of Jesus Christ and exceptional intrigue and American international strategy. By and by, Billy Sunday was a true man whose life was on a very basic level changed by his reaction to an evangelists call to atone of his wrongdoings, to accept that Jesus Christ passed on in his place for those transgressions, and to follow Christ in thanksgiving by adoring and obeying him. Following this profound resurrection, the proselyte turned out to be profoundly dedicated to Jesus Christ. A dedication showed in living out a significant number of the lessons of Christ as found in the New Testaments four Gospels. The expert baseball player turned into a standard churchgoer. He additionally considered Scripture and turned out to be bizarrely liberal toward the destitute. Moreover, Sunday was obliged by a fixation to tell others how he had at long last discovered internal harmony and a progressively deliberate life. From the outset through talks and afterward in messages, he related how Jesus Christ gave him another existence of significance, harmony, and expectation. This equivalent gospel, he stated, would comparatively change others. The proof is overwhelmingly that it did. In the event that Billy Sunday was genuine dedicated, and roused, he was additionally a result of his occasions and a case of the way of life and ethics of center America. Then again, Sunday took numerous stands against mainstream views, and he convinced hoards to go along with him in a war against a large number of the futuristic thoughts of the time that he saw as shrewd. As he once summed up his supposition so well, What this world needs is a tsunami of change (Sunday Satan 24). Oswalt/3 The facts confirm that Sunday was an actor who desired a crowd of people and adored acclaim. Be that as it may, he additionally contacted the lives of endless people of every social class, helping them get away from different types of individual servitude and discover opportunity in the gospel. Also, on the off chance that he didn't change over all of urban America to his image of Christianity, he in any event assumed a significant job in assisting with keeping preservationist scriptural Christianity alive in this century (Dorsett 3). To see completely why he thought, lived, lectured, and teached the manner in which he did, we should take a gander at his childhood and change understanding. William Ashley Sunday was conceived on November 19, 1862. His dad, an association private, would kick the bucket of pneumonia only five weeks after the fact, three days before Christmas, in a cool, sodden

SIPA Faculty Weigh In on Events in Egypt COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Faculty Weigh In on Events in Egypt COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Events in Egypt have been dominating the news and many of our faculty have been asked to weigh in by various media sources.   Below are some perspectives from SIPA faculty members in recent weeks. ______________________ Gary Sick talks about the military ties between the U.S. and Egypt TIME, January 30, 2011 NPR, February 3, 2011 “All the people picking up tear gas canisters that said Made in the USA. And the jets that fly overhead that buzz the crowds are American F-16s. That sends a particular message on where the United States stands on this whole thing.” Thanassis Cambanis puts Egypt in a historical context NPR, February 2, 2011 Adjunct professor and former Middle East correspondent Thanassis Cambanis said, “All of our assumptions about the Arab world have been turned on their heads in the past month. … Whats been happening, first in Lebanon and then in Tunisia, and now in Egypt, and who knows further afield, suggests that new forces have been unleashed, and we have no idea where they might lead and what new dynamics they might create.” Joseph Stiglitz on the global impact of the Egyptian protests Bloomberg TV, February 2, 2011 “In terms of the global economic impact, it’s likely at least in the short run to be mostly felt through oil.” Richard K. Betts on the role of the CIA in Egypt Washington Post, January 28, 2011 “The priority is collection and analysis about whats going on. Our capacity to shape events by more active measures, such as covert action to support moderate elements of the opposition, is probably minimal, and more likely to backfire than to control events.” Patricia Mechael: Relatives’ experience in Egypt “petrifying” Washington Post, February 2, 2011 Adjunct professor Patricia Mechael said, “One of my cousins cars was lit on fire. My cousin is saying, ‘We havent showered in days, were glued to the TV, were looking out the window to see what is happening.’” Jean-Pierre Filiu discusses the Egyptian uprising For Your Ears Only (Armed Forces Radio Network), January 30, 2011 Rashid Khalidi comments on the Egyptian protests MSNBC, January 28, 2011 CNN, February 7, 2011  (Windows Media Player) Professor Khalidi talked with Ed Schultz and Eliot Spitzer about the conditions that led to the popular uprising in Egypt and what the protests are expected to yield.

African American And Black Athletes - 895 Words

The stereotyped group that is a problem is African American and black athletes being portrayed as beast like, unintelligent, emotional, dominating, violent, and brutal. The specific sport of focus is the NBA. Black athletes are portrayed as beast and animal like in media images like poster, magazine covers, tee shirts, and game freeze frames. Black players have made many strides in the NBA, nearly 75% of NBA players are black, while only 23% of players are white (The 2015 Racial and Gender Report Card). Although there are many black players the media is still owned and operated by predominantly white gatekeepers. This negative stereotype is because it disregards the hours of hard work that black players complete to play professionally. African Americans feel this cover misrepresents them. Blacks could feel exploited, manipulated, or even subconsciously use it as justification for confirming the negative stereotypes the media feeds society. It is a racist notion that black players ar e unintelligent and rely on genetics â€Å"animal instincts† to be great players. If this stereotypes continues young blacks may see believe that they are unintelligent and slack off in school, believing that they can make it through like based on their athletic ability. It perpetuates a â€Å"super model minority†. An excellent example of this stereotype is the visual portrayals of NBA superstar LeBron James in the media. James has been prevalent in sports media dating back to his high school years whenShow MoreRelatedThe Bad Image Of Black Athlete1522 Words   |  7 Pagesimage of black athlete is one of the most important problems today. African American athletes are not that different from white athletes; however, media betrays a bad image of them for some unknown reasons. Our world is full of the great African-Americans who showed incredible result in professional sport. On one side, a lot of African-American athletes in the limelight right now come from nothing to somewhat. On the other side, there is a negative connotation that all African Americans have is sportsRead More`` Delusions Of Grandeur `` By Henry Louis Gates Junior899 Words   |  4 Pageselaborates that Black youths should be given the opportunity to pursue a career that doesn’t involve being drafted into a professional sport. Gates brings to light the mishaps of the schools in the black communities that don t push for scholarly students for chances at aspiring to go to college. He also speaks upon African Americans should not be seen just as athletes but are able to further in an education as a doctor, lawyer, engineer and much more. Today Black professional athletes should not beRead MoreSouled Out? How Blacks Are Winning and Losing in Sports by Shun Powell1349 Words   |  5 PagesRestocked Shaun Powells book, â€Å"Souled Out? How Blacks Are Winning and Losing in Sports† scrutinizes the paradoxes of African-American success in sports. Perturbed predominantly with the erroneous perceived accomplishment of equality through sports across the world, Powell offers his work as a portrayal of the evolution of African-american athletes over time and compares past struggles with modern day issues. Powell discusses how African American’s are both winning and losing in sports, but ultimatelyRead MoreThe General Public s View Of African American Athletes Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesFor my future study I would like to research how these articles effects the general public’s view of African American athletes. I would do this by surveying groups of classrooms, students around campus, and showing them athletes. I would show them both African American athletes and White Athletes. I would ask them how they feel about these athletes, why they feel this way about them, and what have they heard about them in the media. After collecting this data, and gathering my conclusion from itRead MoreThe Bad Image Of Black Athlete1584 Words   |  7 Pagesimage of black athlete is one of the most important problems today. African American athletes are not that different from white athletes; however, media portrays a bad image of them for some unknown reasons. Our world is full of the great African-Americans who showed incredible results in professional sports. On one side, a lot of African-American athletes in the limelight right now come from nothing to somewhat. On the other side, there is a negative connotation that all African Americans have isRead MoreDomestic Violence, Racial Socioeconomic Disparities, And Racial Labeling1655 Words   |  7 Pageswe constantly hear of professional athletes being involved in domestic violence and other violent crimes, it is important to notice a trend. There is always some athlete being accused of some form of d omestic violence. True sociological issues need to be addressed when violent issues such as the O.J. Simpson case arises. Simpson was influenced by a variety of sociological factors that created him into a violent person, such as the way in which African Americans are portrayed by the media, racialRead MoreRacism And The Black Athlete Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pagesin the form of the black athlete in the major conferences of the NCAA. In this paper, I will be breaking down: the systemic institution of the NCAA, the generational racism the black athlete faces and the intuitional racism faced on campus to prove the existence of modern day apartheid. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is a non- profit association which regulates college athletics. The NCAA is member- led and is dedicated to the success of the college athlete. The members of theRead MoreSports Are America s Past, Present And Future1204 Words   |  5 Pagesall races: white, black, Hispanic, Asian, and so on. Among athletes, what race is represented most predominately in the majority of sports? African Americans. Knowing this, it takes the population back to the 1700 and 1800s when slavery was most prevalent. In that time period, slaves were bred to do difficult, physical labor. Therefore, they were tall and strong. African Americans still display a similar build today, making them prime athletes. With there being so many black athletes, why are thereRead MoreConversy of Racism in Sports Essay examples815 Words   |  4 Pages400 M. dash. As he was awarded his gold medal, he clenched his fist and raised it high in the Air while wearing a black glove. A raised fist was the symbol of equality for the black Power movement of the 1960‘s. African Americans have made a huge impact on the civil Rights movement, especially in sports. The 1940’s and the 1950’s were a rough time in Sports because African Americans were just now being able to play in professional sports. They had to deal with racism, prejudice, and hate. PeopleRead MoreRacial Integration in College Football in the 1950s1366 Words   |  6 Pagesstill a thick tension in America. This tension was between African-Americans and white Americans. In 1865, the thirteenth amendment was passed which abolished slavery. Even though this occurred, white people still felt that African-American were inferior to them so they treated them accordingly. Society functioned around this principle and as a result, segregation was created. Some of the things that arose from segregation were that blacks were not allowed in certain places, they received an education

Causes And Main Characteristics Of Down Syndrome - 2113 Words

PROJECT 2 1) CAUSES AND MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF DOWN SYNDROME Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes one in each pair comes from the father and the mother. Down syndrome results when abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21 occurs. These cell division abnormalities result in extra genetic material from chromosome 21 which is responsible for the characteristics features and development problems of Down syndrome. Trisomy 21 – about 95% of the time Down Syndrome is caused by Trisomy 21, where the child has three copies of Chromosome 21 (instead of the usual two copies) in all cells. This is caused by abnormal cell division during the development of the sperm cell or the egg cell (Flood, 2013) 2) LEARNING PROFILE OF CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME: All people with Down syndrome are not equally delayed in all areas but they do experience some delay in their development. They can make progress in one area and slow down in another. The areas of weakness can be speech and language delay, numbers, visual impairments, short term memory, movement control (motor skills) Difficulty in processing and retaining information presented orally. 3) FACTORS OF POSITIVE INTEREST The learning profile of James will interact with his own family learning traits together with the care and education and his social interactions with family and friends. James would need a visual teaching approach, using concrete and practical materials. A work station may be helpful where he couldShow MoreRelatedThe Earliest Depictions Of A Person With Down Syndrome1037 Words   |  5 Pagesa person with Down syndrome was dated in 1515 in a Flemish painting. Doctor John Langdon Down described Down syndrome as a disorder in 1866, however he misunderstood on how the syndrome first came about. The cause to Down syndrome was discovered recently in 1959 as being the common cause of cognitive impairments. All individuals who contain down syndrome show symptoms of mild to moderate learning disability, distinctive facial features, and hypotonic in early infancy. Down syndrome often associatesRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Chromosomal Disorder Essay955 Words   |  4 Pageschromosomes; this is known as an aneuploidy (Porth, 2015). The most common chromosomal disorder is Down syndrome of which there are three types: complete trisomy 21, translocation, and mosaicism (Porth, 2015). Since its first identification in 1866, researchers have become more knowledgeable about the etiology of Down syndrome. When one studies etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of Down syndrome, he or she will begin to understand multiple chromosomal disorders. Typically, the nucleusRead More Down Syndrome Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesDown Syndrome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Have you ever been in a situation where you were confronted by a child who has Down Syndrome and were unsure of how to act around that child? Im sure many of us have experienced the awkwardness that accompanies such a situation. Many people feel guilt or pity for these children, I believe these reactions result from a lack of knowledge about the condition. Which is why I have chosen this topic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Down Syndrome is a condition that cannot be physically passed on from oneRead MoreFragile X Syndrome Essay1159 Words   |  5 Pages p404). Mental retardation can be caused by a certain birth defect due to a traumatic event during the mother’s pregnancy, or mental retardation can also be inherited. The most common inherited form of mental retardation is Fragile X Syndrome. Fragile X Syndrome was identified in the year 1991. This disability affects more males than females. Approximately 1 in 4,000 males are affected, however only 1 in 8,000 females are affected (Lombroso, 2003). Fragile X generates in the FMR1 gene. FragileRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Cushing s Syndrome1680 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Cushing’s syndrome is an endocrine disorder resulting from excess levels of cortisol in the blood. The etiology can be exogenous or endogenous, which can be further broken down into adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) dependent and independent. The pathogenesis of Cushing’s syndrome depends on the cause, and generally results in the disruption of the normal functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Cushing’s syndrome is characterized by a variety of signs and symptomsRead MoreA Brief Note On Alzheimer s Disease ( Ad ) Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesneurodegenerative disease that cause the deterioration of higher mental functions, this includes the deterioration of memory, cognitive tasks, and eventually motor and sensory skills. However, motor and sensory skills decrease much later in the development of AD. This is because AD is a hierarchical deterioration, attacking the first the complex functions before moving on to the simpler ones (Gà © linas et al., 1999). Because of this, AD is one of the most frequent causes of dementia, about 70% of dementiaRead MoreEssay on Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities1518 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough 2008 school year 56 percent autism students graduated with a regular high school diploma (Lewis, 2011). Therefore, in this essay the definition, characteristics, and causes of intellectual disability, traumatic brain injury, autism, severe disabilities, and deaf-blindness will be discussed. The first definition, characteristic and cause discussed are intellectual disability. Intellectual disability is when the intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior is limited significantly. ThisRead MoreA Brief Note On Children With Down s Syndrome1627 Words   |  7 PagesShanleigh Blackburn – 670207 Paediatrics Assignment: Down’s Syndrome I believe that children with Down’s Syndrome can benefit greatly from Physiotherapy, due to the physical impairments often associated with their condition. What is Down’s Syndrome?: Down’s Syndrome is a genetic condition affecting one in every 1000 births world wide. It is estimated that 700 babies are born with Down’s Syndrome annually. (Robertson, 2016) Typically, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes in a normal, healthy humanRead More Special Education Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesexpect to serve students with disabilities. It is important to understand the different types of disabilities, the characteristics of these disabilities, and causes; in order to ensure the success of students. This paper will define severe disabilities, mental retardation, traumatic brain injury, autism, and deaf-blindness. In addition, this paper will address the characteristics and causes of each disability. Definition of Severe Disabilities There are many different definitions used to define theRead MoreEssay about Down Syndrome1383 Words   |  6 Pages Down syndrome Down syndrome takes its name from Dr. Langdon Down. He was the first person to describe the syndrome in 1866. The earliest recorded incident of someone having Down syndrome dates back to an altar piece painted in a church in Aachen, Germany in 1504. Although the syndrome is named after Dr Langdon Down, he did not understand the condition, as we know it today. The syndrome was referred to as having mongolism. This was because people who have Down syndrome have similar physical characteristics

Digestive System Free Essays

Our digestive systems contain glands. These glands produce enzymes. Enzymes are catalysts. We will write a custom essay sample on Digestive System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Catalysts make chemical reactions happen quicker and easier. Digestive enzymes help us to break down food easier. Our bodies make lots of different digestive enzymes. Each enzyme breaks down a particular food. When an enzyme has broken down one food molecule, it can then break down another molecule of the same kind. It can do this over and over again. It makes the reaction happen without being used up. In the digestive system, enzymes are produced to break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats into smaller soluble molecules from large food molecules. These spread through the tube of the small intestine and into the blood plasma (carbohydrates and proteins) or lymph (fats) and pass to the cells. The stomach makes hydrochloric acid to help the enzyme called pepsin work. Fats are difficult to digest and absorb because they are not soluble in water. To help with fat digestion the gall bladder produces bile this makes the fats smaller. This increases their surface area for enzymes to act on. In the mouth is saliva and they containing amylase produced by the salivary glands. This enzyme is used to break down starch/carbohydrates into glucose molecules. In the stomach is found Pepsin which breaks down proteins into amino acids. In the small intestine, parts of a large molecule of fat are broken down into smaller fatty acid and glycerol molecules. Below is how the different foods are digested by using enzymes: 1. Carbohydrates – Foods rich in carbohydrates include bread, potatoes, dried peas and beans, rice, pasta, fruits, and vegetables. Many of these foods contain both starch and fibre. The digestible carbohydrates such as starch and sugar are broken into simpler molecules by enzymes in the saliva, in juice produced by the pancreas, and in the lining of the small intestine. Starch is digested in two steps. First, an enzyme in the saliva and pancreatic juice breaks the starch into molecules called maltose. Then an enzyme in the lining of the small intestine splits the maltose into glucose molecules that can be absorbed into the blood. Glucose is carried through he bloodstream to the liver, where it is stored or used to provide energy for the work of the body. Sugars are digested in one step. An enzyme in the lining of the small intestine digests sucrose, also known as table sugar, into glucose and fructose, which are absorbed through the intestine into the blood. Milk contains another type of sugar, lactose, which is changed into absorbable molecules by another enzyme in the intestinal lining. 2. Protein – Foo ds such as meat, eggs, and beans consist of giant molecules of protein that must be digested by enzymes before they can be used to build and repair body tissues. An enzyme in the juice of the stomach starts the digestion of swallowed protein. Then in the small intestine, several enzymes from the pancreatic juice and the lining of the intestine complete the breakdown of huge protein molecules into small molecules called amino acids. These small molecules can be absorbed through the small intestine into the blood and then be carried to all parts of the body to build the walls and other parts of cells. 3. Fats – Fat molecules are a rich source of energy for the body. The first step in digestion of a fat such as butter is to dissolve it into the watery content of the intestine. The bile acids produced by the liver dissolve fat into tiny droplets and allow pancreatic and intestinal enzymes to break the large fat molecules into smaller ones. Some of these small molecules are fatty acids and cholesterol. The bile acids combine with the fatty acids and cholesterol and help these molecules move into the cells of the mucosa. In these cells the small molecules are formed back into large ones, most of which pass into vessels near the intestine. These small vessels carry the reformed fat to the veins of the chest, and the blood carries the fat to storage depots in different parts of the body. There are two theories on the process of chemical digestion, and they are the ‘induced fit’ and the ‘lock and key’ theory. Enzymes are specific to reactants (known as substrates). That is, enzymes only catalyze one type of reaction. Induced fit is where an enzyme almost closes around the substrate like a baseball glove around the ball. And the induced fit model says that when a substrate binds to an enzyme, the enzyme temporarily changes shape to accommodate the substrate. While the enzyme is still specific to substrates, it is not as if the substrate is a perfect fit on the active site of the enzyme. After the reaction is complete, the enzyme returns back to its original shape, ready to be reused. Lock and key is simply that the theory states that an enzymes’ active site is the exact shape of the substrate, and that the substrate neatly fits in. Also another way to look at it is that the enzyme is like a lock, and the substrate is like a key. Only specific substrate works with an enzyme, just like a specific key is required for a lock. The lock represents the active site on the enzyme, where the substrate binds. So both are substrates specific, just one model states that the enzyme moulds to fit the substrate whereas the other says that the site is already shaped around the substrate. In recent research however, the lock and key model is disputed, with the induced fit being more likely. While the induced fit model is more likely to be correct from current evidence, the lock and key model is still used because it allows a simple diagrammatic way to understand the specificity of enzymes. How to cite Digestive System, Papers

Digestive System Free Essays

Our digestive systems contain glands. These glands produce enzymes. Enzymes are catalysts. We will write a custom essay sample on Digestive System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Catalysts make chemical reactions happen quicker and easier. Digestive enzymes help us to break down food easier. Our bodies make lots of different digestive enzymes. Each enzyme breaks down a particular food. When an enzyme has broken down one food molecule, it can then break down another molecule of the same kind. It can do this over and over again. It makes the reaction happen without being used up. In the digestive system, enzymes are produced to break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats into smaller soluble molecules from large food molecules. These spread through the tube of the small intestine and into the blood plasma (carbohydrates and proteins) or lymph (fats) and pass to the cells. The stomach makes hydrochloric acid to help the enzyme called pepsin work. Fats are difficult to digest and absorb because they are not soluble in water. To help with fat digestion the gall bladder produces bile this makes the fats smaller. This increases their surface area for enzymes to act on. In the mouth is saliva and they containing amylase produced by the salivary glands. This enzyme is used to break down starch/carbohydrates into glucose molecules. In the stomach is found Pepsin which breaks down proteins into amino acids. In the small intestine, parts of a large molecule of fat are broken down into smaller fatty acid and glycerol molecules. Below is how the different foods are digested by using enzymes: 1. Carbohydrates – Foods rich in carbohydrates include bread, potatoes, dried peas and beans, rice, pasta, fruits, and vegetables. Many of these foods contain both starch and fibre. The digestible carbohydrates such as starch and sugar are broken into simpler molecules by enzymes in the saliva, in juice produced by the pancreas, and in the lining of the small intestine. Starch is digested in two steps. First, an enzyme in the saliva and pancreatic juice breaks the starch into molecules called maltose. Then an enzyme in the lining of the small intestine splits the maltose into glucose molecules that can be absorbed into the blood. Glucose is carried through he bloodstream to the liver, where it is stored or used to provide energy for the work of the body. Sugars are digested in one step. An enzyme in the lining of the small intestine digests sucrose, also known as table sugar, into glucose and fructose, which are absorbed through the intestine into the blood. Milk contains another type of sugar, lactose, which is changed into absorbable molecules by another enzyme in the intestinal lining. 2. Protein – Foo ds such as meat, eggs, and beans consist of giant molecules of protein that must be digested by enzymes before they can be used to build and repair body tissues. An enzyme in the juice of the stomach starts the digestion of swallowed protein. Then in the small intestine, several enzymes from the pancreatic juice and the lining of the intestine complete the breakdown of huge protein molecules into small molecules called amino acids. These small molecules can be absorbed through the small intestine into the blood and then be carried to all parts of the body to build the walls and other parts of cells. 3. Fats – Fat molecules are a rich source of energy for the body. The first step in digestion of a fat such as butter is to dissolve it into the watery content of the intestine. The bile acids produced by the liver dissolve fat into tiny droplets and allow pancreatic and intestinal enzymes to break the large fat molecules into smaller ones. Some of these small molecules are fatty acids and cholesterol. The bile acids combine with the fatty acids and cholesterol and help these molecules move into the cells of the mucosa. In these cells the small molecules are formed back into large ones, most of which pass into vessels near the intestine. These small vessels carry the reformed fat to the veins of the chest, and the blood carries the fat to storage depots in different parts of the body. There are two theories on the process of chemical digestion, and they are the ‘induced fit’ and the ‘lock and key’ theory. Enzymes are specific to reactants (known as substrates). That is, enzymes only catalyze one type of reaction. Induced fit is where an enzyme almost closes around the substrate like a baseball glove around the ball. And the induced fit model says that when a substrate binds to an enzyme, the enzyme temporarily changes shape to accommodate the substrate. While the enzyme is still specific to substrates, it is not as if the substrate is a perfect fit on the active site of the enzyme. After the reaction is complete, the enzyme returns back to its original shape, ready to be reused. Lock and key is simply that the theory states that an enzymes’ active site is the exact shape of the substrate, and that the substrate neatly fits in. Also another way to look at it is that the enzyme is like a lock, and the substrate is like a key. Only specific substrate works with an enzyme, just like a specific key is required for a lock. The lock represents the active site on the enzyme, where the substrate binds. So both are substrates specific, just one model states that the enzyme moulds to fit the substrate whereas the other says that the site is already shaped around the substrate. In recent research however, the lock and key model is disputed, with the induced fit being more likely. While the induced fit model is more likely to be correct from current evidence, the lock and key model is still used because it allows a simple diagrammatic way to understand the specificity of enzymes. How to cite Digestive System, Papers